Hasegawa A, Ohira T, Maeda M, Yasumura S, Tanigawa K
Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2016 Apr;28(4):237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.01.002. Epub 2016 Feb 12.
The Fukushima accident was a compounding disaster following the strong earthquake and huge tsunami. The direct health effects of radiation were relatively well controlled considering the severity of the accident, not only among emergency workers but also residents. Other serious health issues include deaths during evacuation, collapse of the radiation emergency medical system, increased mortality among displaced elderly people and public healthcare issues in Fukushima residents. The Fukushima mental health and lifestyle survey disclosed that the Fukushima accident caused severe psychological distress in the residents from evacuation zones. In addition to psychiatric and mental health problems, there are lifestyle-related problems such as an increase proportion of those overweight, an increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia and changes in health-related behaviours among evacuees; all of which may lead to an increased cardiovascular disease risk in the future. The effects of a major nuclear accident on societies are diverse and enduring. The countermeasures should include disaster management, long-term general public health services, mental and psychological care, behavioural and societal support, in addition to efforts to mitigate the health effects attributable to radiation.
福岛事故是继强烈地震和巨大海啸之后的一场复合型灾难。考虑到事故的严重性，辐射对健康的直接影响得到了相对较好的控制，不仅在应急工作人员中如此，在居民中也是如此。其他严重的健康问题包括疏散过程中的死亡、辐射应急医疗系统的崩溃、流离失所老年人死亡率的上升以及福岛居民的公共卫生问题。福岛心理健康与生活方式调查显示，福岛事故给疏散区居民造成了严重的心理困扰。除了精神和心理健康问题外，还有与生活方式相关的问题，如超重人群比例增加、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常患病率上升以及撤离者健康相关行为的改变；所有这些都可能导致未来心血管疾病风险增加。重大核事故对社会的影响是多样且持久的。应对措施应包括灾害管理、长期的公众卫生服务、精神和心理护理、行为和社会支持，此外还要努力减轻辐射对健康的影响。
