Nomi Jason S, Farrant Kristafor, Damaraju Eswar, Rachakonda Srinivas, Calhoun Vince D, Uddin Lucina Q
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.
The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 May;37(5):1770-87. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23135. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
The human insular cortex consists of functionally diverse subdivisions that engage during tasks ranging from interoception to cognitive control. The multiplicity of functions subserved by insular subdivisions calls for a nuanced investigation of their functional connectivity profiles. Four insula subdivisions (dorsal anterior, dAI; ventral, VI; posterior, PI; middle, MI) derived using a data-driven approach were subjected to static- and dynamic functional network connectivity (s-FNC and d-FNC) analyses. Static-FNC analyses replicated previous work demonstrating a cognition-emotion-interoception division of the insula, where the dAI is functionally connected to frontal areas, the VI to limbic areas, and the PI and MI to sensorimotor areas. Dynamic-FNC analyses consisted of k-means clustering of sliding windows to identify variable insula connectivity states. The d-FNC analysis revealed that the most frequently occurring dynamic state mirrored the cognition-emotion-interoception division observed from the s-FNC analysis, with less frequently occurring states showing overlapping and unique subdivision connectivity profiles. In two of the states, all subdivisions exhibited largely overlapping profiles, consisting of subcortical, sensory, motor, and frontal connections. Two other states showed the dAI exhibited a unique connectivity profile compared with other insula subdivisions. Additionally, the dAI exhibited the most variable functional connections across the s-FNC and d-FNC analyses, and was the only subdivision to exhibit dynamic functional connections with regions of the default mode network. These results highlight how a d-FNC approach can capture functional dynamics masked by s-FNC approaches, and reveal dynamic functional connections enabling the functional flexibility of the insula across time. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1770-1787, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
人类脑岛皮质由功能多样的亚区组成，这些亚区在从内感受作用到认知控制等一系列任务中发挥作用。脑岛亚区所支持的多种功能需要对其功能连接图谱进行细致入微的研究。采用数据驱动方法得出的四个脑岛亚区（背侧前部，dAI；腹侧，VI；后部，PI；中部，MI）接受了静态和动态功能网络连接（s-FNC和d-FNC）分析。静态功能网络连接分析重复了之前的研究工作，证明脑岛存在认知-情绪-内感受作用分区，其中dAI在功能上与额叶区域相连，VI与边缘系统区域相连，PI和MI与感觉运动区域相连。动态功能网络连接分析包括对滑动窗口进行k均值聚类，以识别脑岛可变的连接状态。动态功能网络连接分析显示，最常出现的动态状态反映了从静态功能网络连接分析中观察到的认知-情绪-内感受作用分区，较少出现的状态则显示出重叠和独特的亚区连接图谱。在其中两种状态下，所有亚区都呈现出很大程度的重叠图谱，包括与皮层下、感觉、运动和额叶的连接。另外两种状态显示，与其他脑岛亚区相比，dAI呈现出独特的连接图谱。此外，在静态和动态功能网络连接分析中，dAI表现出最具变化性的功能连接，并且是唯一与默认模式网络区域呈现动态功能连接的亚区。这些结果突出了动态功能网络连接方法如何能够捕捉到被静态功能网络连接方法掩盖的功能动态变化，并揭示出能够使脑岛随时间具备功能灵活性的动态功能连接。《人类大脑图谱》37:1770 - 1787，2016年。© 2016威利期刊公司。
