Narayanan Raghuvaran, Huang Chun-Chieh, Ravindran Sriram
Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:3808674. doi: 10.1155/2016/3808674. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Bone transplantation is one of the most widely performed clinical procedures. Consequently, bone regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering strategies is one of the most widely researched fields in regenerative medicine. Recent scientific consensus indicates that a biomimetic approach is required to achieve proper regeneration of any tissue. Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by cells that act as messengers that influence cell fate. Although exosomal function has been studied with respect to cancer and immunology, the role of exosomes as inducers of stem cell differentiation has not been explored. We hypothesized that exosomes can be used as biomimetic tools for regenerative medicine. In this study we have explored the use of cell-generated exosomes as tools to induce lineage specific differentiation of stem cells. Our results indicate that proosteogenic exosomes isolated from cell cultures can induce lineage specific differentiation of naïve MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, exosomes can also bind to matrix proteins such as type I collagen and fibronectin enabling them to be tethered to biomaterials. Overall, the results from this study show the potential of cell derived exosomes in bone regenerative medicine and opens up new avenues for future research.
骨移植是临床应用最为广泛的手术之一。因此，利用间充质干细胞和组织工程策略进行骨再生是再生医学中研究最为广泛的领域之一。近期的科学共识表明，需要采用仿生方法才能实现任何组织的正常再生。外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米囊泡，可作为影响细胞命运的信使。尽管已经针对癌症和免疫学对外泌体的功能进行了研究，但外泌体作为干细胞分化诱导剂的作用尚未得到探索。我们假设外泌体可用作再生医学的仿生工具。在本研究中，我们探索了利用细胞产生的外泌体作为诱导干细胞谱系特异性分化的工具。我们的结果表明，从细胞培养物中分离出的促骨生成外泌体能够在体外和体内诱导未分化间充质干细胞的谱系特异性分化。此外，外泌体还能与I型胶原和纤连蛋白等基质蛋白结合，使其能够附着于生物材料上。总体而言，本研究结果显示了细胞来源外泌体在骨再生医学中的潜力，并为未来研究开辟了新途径。
