Benedict Kaitlin, Mody Rajal K
Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;22(3):370-8. doi: 10.3201/eid2203.151117.
Histoplasmosis has been described as the most common endemic mycosis in the United States. However, histoplasmosis is not nationally notifiable. Its presumed geographic distribution is largely derived from skin test surveys performed during the 1940s, and information about its local features comes primarily from outbreak investigations. We conducted a literature review to assess epidemiologic features of histoplasmosis outbreaks in the United States. During 1938-2013, a total of 105 outbreaks involving 2,850 cases were reported in 26 states and the territory of Puerto Rico. Common exposure settings were chicken coops and buildings or other structures undergoing renovation or demolition. Birds, bats, or their droppings were reported to be present in 77% of outbreak settings, and workplace exposures were reported in 41% of outbreaks. The continued occurrence of histoplasmosis outbreaks, particularly work-related ones involving known disturbance of bird or bat droppings, highlights the need to increase awareness of the disease.
组织胞浆菌病被认为是美国最常见的地方性真菌病。然而，组织胞浆菌病并非全国法定报告疾病。其推测的地理分布主要源自20世纪40年代进行的皮肤试验调查，而有关其局部特征的信息主要来自疫情调查。我们进行了一项文献综述，以评估美国组织胞浆菌病疫情的流行病学特征。在1938年至2013年期间，26个州和波多黎各领地共报告了105起疫情，涉及2850例病例。常见的暴露环境是鸡舍以及正在进行翻新或拆除的建筑物或其他结构。据报告，77%的疫情发生环境中有鸟类、蝙蝠或其粪便，41%的疫情报告了工作场所暴露情况。组织胞浆菌病疫情持续发生，尤其是涉及已知鸟类或蝙蝠粪便受到扰动的与工作相关的疫情，这凸显了提高对该疾病认识的必要性。
