A Sanchez Christopher
Oregon State University, School of Psychological Science, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2016 May;78(4):1174-85. doi: 10.3758/s13414-016-1071-1.
Much prior research has shown that retrieval of information from long-term memory (LTM) can influence many aspects of complex cognition in situ. However, research also has shown that not all individuals manage information retrieved from LTM in equivalent fashions. Specifically, high working memory capacity (WMC) individuals have been shown to be better able to manage not only what information is retrieved from LTM, but also whether it is applied to the task-at-hand. As such, it is likely that WMC will interact with the biasing influences of prior knowledge on current task performance. In this series of studies, high and low WMC individuals were asked to make perceptual judgments of size that either did or did not activate biasing prior knowledge. Results indicate that when retrieving information from LTM, high WMC individuals are actually more susceptible to perceptual bias and also are erroneously more confident in the accuracy of their response. However, when no retrieval from LTM is necessary, this effect reverses. This suggests that high WMC individuals are indeed able to inhibit such biasing information; however, their overconfidence in the quality of information retrieved from their own LTM can make them susceptible to making errors in perceptual judgments.
许多先前的研究表明，从长期记忆（LTM）中检索信息会在现场影响复杂认知的许多方面。然而，研究也表明，并非所有个体都以相同的方式处理从LTM中检索到的信息。具体而言，工作记忆容量（WMC）高的个体不仅能够更好地处理从LTM中检索到的信息，还能更好地处理这些信息是否应用于手头任务。因此，WMC可能会与先前知识对当前任务表现的偏差影响相互作用。在这一系列研究中，高WMC个体和低WMC个体被要求对大小进行感知判断，这些判断要么激活了偏差的先前知识，要么没有激活。结果表明，当从LTM中检索信息时，高WMC个体实际上更容易受到感知偏差的影响，并且对自己反应的准确性也错误地更有信心。然而，当不需要从LTM中检索信息时，这种效应就会逆转。这表明高WMC个体确实能够抑制这种偏差信息；然而，他们对从自己的LTM中检索到的信息质量的过度自信可能会使他们在感知判断中容易出错。
