Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition,Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR),University of Reading,Whiteknights,Reading RG6 6AP,UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2016 Aug;75(3):247-58. doi: 10.1017/S002966511600001X. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
CVD are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of the key dietary recommendations for CVD prevention is reduction of saturated fat intake. Yet, despite milk and dairy foods contributing on average 27 % of saturated fat intake in the UK diet, evidence from prospective cohort studies does not support a detrimental effect of milk and dairy foods on risk of CVD. The present paper provides a brief overview of the role of milk and dairy products in the diets of UK adults, and will summarise the evidence in relation to the effects of milk and dairy consumption on CVD risk factors and mortality. The majority of prospective studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between milk and dairy product consumption and risk of CVD show that milk and dairy products, excluding butter, are not associated with detrimental effects on CVD mortality or risk biomarkers that include serum LDL-cholesterol. In addition, there is increasing evidence that milk and dairy products are associated with lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness. These apparent benefits of milk and dairy foods have been attributed to their unique nutritional composition, and suggest that the elimination of milk and dairy may not be the optimum strategy for CVD risk reduction.
心血管疾病是全球范围内导致死亡和发病的主要原因。预防心血管疾病的关键饮食建议之一是减少饱和脂肪的摄入量。然而，尽管牛奶和乳制品在英国饮食中平均贡献了 27%的饱和脂肪摄入量，但来自前瞻性队列研究的证据并不支持牛奶和乳制品对心血管疾病风险有不利影响。本文简要概述了牛奶和乳制品在英国成年人饮食中的作用，并将总结有关牛奶和乳制品消费对心血管疾病风险因素和死亡率影响的证据。大多数研究牛奶和乳制品与心血管疾病风险之间关系的前瞻性研究和荟萃分析表明，牛奶和乳制品（黄油除外）与心血管疾病死亡率或包括血清 LDL 胆固醇在内的风险生物标志物无不利影响相关。此外，越来越多的证据表明，牛奶和乳制品与较低的血压和动脉僵硬有关。这些牛奶和乳制品的明显益处归因于其独特的营养成分，这表明消除牛奶和乳制品可能不是降低心血管疾病风险的最佳策略。
