Hurwitz Julia L, Tuomanen Elaine
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
mBio. 2016 Feb 23;7(1):e00137-16. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00137-16.
In modern-day vaccine design, a good pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine is measured by its ability to induce opsonic antibodies. These antibodies label bacteria for phagocytosis by neutrophils and thereby overcome the capsule's barrier function. Doyle and Pirofski have raised a serious challenge to the current paradigm by describing anti-capsular antibodies that are highly protective but nonopsonic [C.R. Doyle and L. Pirofski, mBio 7(1):e02260-15, 2016, doi:10.1128/mBio.02260-15]. In fact, some functions are not related to neutrophils or phagocytosis at all. An increased awareness of these activities is critical not only for accurate comparisons of vaccine candidates but also for improvements in vaccination outcomes in settings of neutropenia. When vaccine developers select a single gatekeeper assay (e.g., an opsonophagocytic assay for bacteria or a neutralization assay for viruses), promising vaccine candidates may be missed. Doyle and Pirofski stress that multiple functions, not just one, should be investigated to enhance discovery of antibody mechanisms and to best assess vaccine-induced correlates of immune protection.
在现代疫苗设计中，一种优质的肺炎球菌荚膜多糖疫苗是根据其诱导调理素抗体的能力来衡量的。这些抗体标记细菌以便被中性粒细胞吞噬，从而克服荚膜的屏障功能。多伊尔和皮罗夫斯基对当前范式提出了严峻挑战，他们描述了具有高度保护作用但无调理作用的抗荚膜抗体[C.R. 多伊尔和L. 皮罗夫斯基，《mBio》7(1):e02260 - 15，2016，doi:10.1128/mBio.02260 - 15]。事实上，有些功能根本与中性粒细胞或吞噬作用无关。提高对这些活性的认识不仅对于准确比较候选疫苗至关重要，而且对于改善中性粒细胞减少症患者的疫苗接种效果也至关重要。当疫苗研发人员选择单一的关键检测方法（例如针对细菌的吞噬调理试验或针对病毒的中和试验）时，可能会错过有前景的候选疫苗。多伊尔和皮罗夫斯基强调，应该研究多种功能，而不仅仅是一种功能，以加强对抗体机制的发现，并最好地评估疫苗诱导的免疫保护相关性。
