Graduate School of Education Department of Psychology, Harvard University
Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Psychol Sci. 2016 Apr;27(4):486-501. doi: 10.1177/0956797615626691. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
For 1 to 2 weeks, 5-month-old infants listened at home to one of two novel songs with identical lyrics and rhythms, but different melodies; the song was sung by a parent, emanated from a toy, or was sung live by a friendly but unfamiliar adult first in person and subsequently via interactive video. We then tested the infants' selective attention to two novel individuals after one sang the familiar song and the other sang the unfamiliar song. Infants who had experienced a parent singing looked longer at the new person who had sung the familiar melody than at the new person who had sung the unfamiliar melody, and the amount of song exposure at home predicted the size of that preference. Neither effect was observed, however, among infants who had heard the song emanating from a toy or being sung by a socially unrelated person, despite these infants' remarkable memory for the familiar melody, tested an average of more than 8 months later. These findings suggest that melodies produced live and experienced at home by known social partners carry social meaning for infants.
对于 1 到 2 周大的婴儿来说，他们在家中聆听了两首具有相同歌词和节奏但旋律不同的新歌中的一首；歌曲由父母演唱，从玩具中传出，或者由一位友善但陌生的成年人先进行现场演唱，然后通过互动视频演唱。然后，我们在其中一首唱熟悉的歌曲，另一首唱不熟悉的歌曲后，测试婴儿对两个新个体的选择性注意。与听到陌生旋律的新面孔相比，经历过父母唱歌的婴儿会更多地注视唱熟悉旋律的新面孔，而且在家中暴露于歌曲的程度可以预测这种偏好的大小。然而，当婴儿听到歌曲从玩具中传出或由社交上不相关的人演唱时，既没有观察到这种效果，尽管这些婴儿对熟悉的旋律有显著的记忆，平均测试时间超过 8 个月。这些发现表明，由熟悉的社交伙伴现场演唱并在家中体验的旋律对婴儿具有社交意义。
