Cosgrove Daniel J
Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
F1000Res. 2016 Jan 29;5. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.7180.1. eCollection 2016.
The growing cell wall in plants has conflicting requirements to be strong enough to withstand the high tensile forces generated by cell turgor pressure while selectively yielding to those forces to induce wall stress relaxation, leading to water uptake and polymer movements underlying cell wall expansion. In this article, I review emerging concepts of plant primary cell wall structure, the nature of wall extensibility and the action of expansins, family-9 and -12 endoglucanases, family-16 xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and pectin methylesterases, and offer a critical assessment of their wall-loosening activity.
植物中不断生长的细胞壁有相互矛盾的需求，既要足够坚固以承受细胞膨压产生的高拉伸力，又要选择性地屈服于这些力以诱导细胞壁应力松弛，从而导致水分吸收和细胞壁扩张背后的聚合物移动。在本文中，我回顾了植物初生细胞壁结构的新兴概念、细胞壁可扩展性的本质以及扩张蛋白、9家族和12家族内切葡聚糖酶、16家族木葡聚糖内转糖基酶/水解酶（XTH）和果胶甲酯酶的作用，并对它们的细胞壁松弛活性进行了批判性评估。
