Lee M J C, Lloyd D G, Lay B S, Bourke P D, Alderson J A
School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Singapore Sports Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 May;27(5):492-500. doi: 10.1111/sms.12668. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
Sidestepping in response to unplanned stimuli is a high-risk maneuver for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Yet, differences in body reorientation strategies between high- and low-level soccer players prior to sidestepping in response to quasi-game-realistic vs non-game-realistic stimuli, remain unknown. Fifteen high-level (semi-professional) and 15 low-level (amateur) soccer players responded to a quasi-game-realistic one-defender scenario (1DS) and two-defender scenario (2DS), and non-game-realistic arrow-planned condition (AP) and arrow-unplanned condition (AUNP). The AP, 1DS, 2DS to AUNP represented increasing time constraints to sidestep. Selected biomechanics from the penultimate step to foot-off were assessed using a mixed-model (stimuli × skill) ANOVA (P < 0.05). Step length decreased in the defender scenarios compared with the arrow conditions. Support foot placement increased laterally, away from mid-pelvis, with increasing temporal constraints. Greater trunk lateral flexion in the 1DS, 2DS, and AUNP has been associated with ACL injury onsets. Higher level players pushed off closer to their pelvic midline at initial foot contact in the 2DS especially. Higher level perception of game-realistic visual information could have contributed to this safer neuromuscular strategy that, when understood better, could potentially be trained in lower level players to reduce ACL injury risk associated with dangerous sidestepping postures.
对意外刺激做出的侧向跨步动作是前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的高风险动作。然而，在对类似比赛实际情况与非比赛实际情况的刺激做出侧向跨步之前，高水平和低水平足球运动员在身体重新定向策略上的差异仍然未知。15名高水平（半职业）和15名低水平（业余）足球运动员对类似比赛实际情况的单防守球员场景（1DS）和双防守球员场景（2DS），以及非比赛实际情况的箭头计划条件（AP）和箭头非计划条件（AUNP）做出反应。从AP、1DS、2DS到AUNP代表了侧向跨步的时间限制增加。使用混合模型（刺激×技能）方差分析（P<0.05）评估从倒数第二步到离地的选定生物力学指标。与箭头条件相比，在防守球员场景中步长减小。随着时间限制的增加，支撑脚的放置向外侧增加，远离骨盆中线。在1DS、2DS和AUNP中更大的躯干侧屈与ACL损伤的发生有关。尤其是在2DS中，高水平球员在初始脚接触时更靠近骨盆中线推离。对类似比赛实际情况视觉信息的更高水平感知可能促成了这种更安全的神经肌肉策略，若能更好地理解，有可能在低水平球员中进行训练，以降低与危险侧向跨步姿势相关的ACL损伤风险。
