Pados Britt F, Park Jinhee, Estrem Hayley, Awotwi Araba
School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Dr Pados); School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (Dr Park); School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Estrem); and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Ms Awotwi).
Adv Neonatal Care. 2016 Apr;16(2):143-50. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000255.
Feeding difficulty is common in infants younger than 6 months. Identification of infants in need of specialized treatment is critical to ensure appropriate nutrition and feeding skill development. Valid and reliable assessment tools help clinicians objectively evaluate feeding.
To identify and evaluate assessment tools available for clinical assessment of bottle- and breastfeeding in infants younger than 6 months.
METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY: CINAHL, HaPI, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for "infant feeding" and "assessment tool." The literature (n = 237) was reviewed for relevant assessment tools. A secondary search was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed for additional literature on identified tools.
FINDINGS/RESULTS: Eighteen assessment tools met inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 were excluded because of limited available literature or because they were intended for use with a specific diagnosis or in research only. There are 11 assessment tools available for clinical practice. Only 2 of these were intended for bottle-feeding. All 11 indicated that they were appropriate for use with breastfeeding. None of the available tools have adequate psychometric development and testing.
All of the tools should be used with caution. The Early Feeding Skills Assessment and Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool had the most supportive psychometric development and testing.
Feeding assessment tools need to be developed and tested to guide optimal clinical care of infants from birth through 6 months. A tool that assesses both bottle- and breastfeeding would allow for consistent assessment across feeding methods.
喂养困难在6个月以下的婴儿中很常见。识别需要特殊治疗的婴儿对于确保适当的营养和喂养技能发展至关重要。有效且可靠的评估工具有助于临床医生客观地评估喂养情况。
识别并评估可用于临床评估6个月以下婴儿奶瓶喂养和母乳喂养情况的评估工具。
方法/检索策略：在护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、儿科与婴儿健康数据库（HaPI）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）和科学网（Web of Science）中检索“婴儿喂养”和“评估工具”。对检索到的237篇文献进行审查，以查找相关评估工具。在CINAHL和PubMed中进行二次检索，以获取有关已识别工具的更多文献。
18种评估工具符合纳入标准。其中7种因现有文献有限或仅适用于特定诊断或仅用于研究而被排除。有11种评估工具可用于临床实践。其中只有2种用于奶瓶喂养。所有11种工具均表明适用于母乳喂养。现有的工具均未进行充分的心理测量学开发和测试。
所有工具都应谨慎使用。早期喂养技能评估工具和布里斯托尔母乳喂养评估工具在心理测量学开发和测试方面得到的支持最多。
需要开发和测试喂养评估工具，以指导从出生到6个月婴儿的最佳临床护理。一种能够同时评估奶瓶喂养和母乳喂养的工具将有助于对不同喂养方式进行一致的评估。
