Silk Timothy J, Genc Sila, Anderson Vicki, Efron Daryl, Hazell Philip, Nicholson Jan M, Kean Michael, Malpas Charles B, Sciberras Emma
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Mar 11;16:59. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0770-4.
The symptom profile and neuropsychological functioning of individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), change as they enter adolescence. It is unclear whether variation in brain structure and function parallels these changes, and also whether deviations from typical brain development trajectories are associated with differential outcomes. This paper describes the Neuroimaging of the Children's Attention Project (NICAP), a comprehensive longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging study. Primary aims are to determine how brain structure and function change with age in ADHD, and whether different trajectories of brain development are associated with variations in outcomes including diagnostic persistence, and academic, cognitive, social and mental health outcomes.
METHODS/DESIGN: NICAP is a multimodal neuroimaging study in a community-based cohort of children with and without ADHD. Approximately 100 children with ADHD and 100 typically developing controls will be scanned at a mean age of 10 years (range; 9-11years) and will be re-scanned at two 18-month intervals (ages 11.5 and 13 years respectively). Assessments include a structured diagnostic interview, parent and teacher questionnaires, direct child cognitive/executive functioning assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI acquisition techniques, collected at a single site, have been selected to provide optimized information concerning structural and functional brain development.
This study will allow us to address the primary aims by describing the neurobiological development of ADHD and elucidating brain features associated with differential clinical/behavioral outcomes. NICAP data will also be explored to assess the impact of sex, ADHD presentation, ADHD severity, comorbidities and medication use on brain development trajectories. Establishing which brain regions are associated with differential clinical outcomes, may allow us to improve predictions about the course of ADHD.
注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）患者进入青春期后，其症状表现和神经心理功能会发生变化。目前尚不清楚大脑结构和功能的变化是否与这些改变平行，以及偏离典型大脑发育轨迹是否与不同的结果相关。本文介绍了儿童注意力项目的神经影像学研究（NICAP），这是一项全面的纵向多模态神经影像学研究。主要目的是确定ADHD患者大脑结构和功能如何随年龄变化，以及不同的大脑发育轨迹是否与包括诊断持续性、学业、认知、社交和心理健康结果等方面的结果差异相关。
方法/设计：NICAP是一项针对有或无ADHD的社区儿童队列的多模态神经影像学研究。约100名ADHD儿童和100名发育正常的对照儿童将在平均年龄10岁（范围9 - 11岁）时接受扫描，并在两个18个月的间隔期（分别为11.5岁和13岁）进行重新扫描。评估包括结构化诊断访谈、家长和教师问卷、儿童直接认知/执行功能评估以及磁共振成像（MRI）。在单一地点收集的MRI采集技术已被选定，以提供有关大脑结构和功能发育的优化信息。
本研究将使我们能够通过描述ADHD的神经生物学发育并阐明与不同临床/行为结果相关的大脑特征来实现主要目标。还将探索NICAP数据，以评估性别、ADHD表现、ADHD严重程度、共病情况和药物使用对大脑发育轨迹的影响。确定哪些脑区与不同的临床结果相关，可能使我们能够改善对ADHD病程的预测。
