Gurdon John B
Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2016;116:445-54. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.10.005. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
Transcription factors fulfill a key role in the formation and maintenance of different cell-types during development. It is known that transcription factors largely dissociate from chromosomes during mitosis. We found, previously, that mitosis is also a time when somatic nuclei can be far more easily reprogrammed after nuclear transfer than the nuclei of interphase cells. We refer to this as a mitotic advantage. Here, the rate of exchange of a transcription factor on its designated DNA-binding site is discussed. It is proposed that the Xenopus oocyte could serve as an experimental system in which the duration of binding site occupancy could be usefully analyzed. In particular, the Xenopus oocyte has several characteristics which make it possible to determine accurately the concentration and duration of transcription factor binding. It is proposed that the concentration and time are the key variables which govern the action of transcription factors when they activate genes needed for cell lineage determination.
转录因子在发育过程中不同细胞类型的形成和维持中发挥着关键作用。众所周知，转录因子在有丝分裂期间会与染色体大量解离。我们之前发现，有丝分裂也是体细胞核在核移植后比间期细胞核更容易被重编程的时期。我们将此称为有丝分裂优势。在此，讨论了转录因子在其指定DNA结合位点上的交换速率。有人提出，非洲爪蟾卵母细胞可作为一个实验系统，在其中可以有效地分析结合位点占据的持续时间。特别是，非洲爪蟾卵母细胞具有几个特性，使其能够准确测定转录因子结合的浓度和持续时间。有人提出，浓度和时间是控制转录因子激活细胞谱系确定所需基因时作用的关键变量。
