Neighbors H W, Jackson J S, Campbell L, Williams D
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Ann Arbor 48109-2029.
Community Ment Health J. 1989 Winter;25(4):301-11. doi: 10.1007/BF00755677.
Research on race and diagnosis initially focused on black-white differences in depression and schizophrenia. Statistics showing a higher treated prevalence of schizophrenia and a lower prevalence of depression for blacks seemed to support the claim that blacks did not suffer from depression. Others argued, however, that clinicians were misdiagnosing depression in blacks. This article reviews empirical studies of racial differences in individual symptoms and summarizes the evidence on misdiagnosis. It argues that more attention must be paid to resolving two contradictory assumptions made by researchers working in the area of race and diagnostic inference: (1) blacks and whites exhibit symptomatology similarly but diagnosticians mistakenly assume that they are different; (2) blacks and whites display psychopathology in different ways but diagnosticians are unaware of or insensitive to such cultural differences. The article concludes with suggested research directions and a discussion of critical research issues.
关于种族与诊断的研究最初聚焦于抑郁症和精神分裂症方面的黑白差异。统计数据显示，黑人精神分裂症的治疗患病率较高，而抑郁症患病率较低，这似乎支持了黑人不会患抑郁症这一观点。然而，其他人认为，临床医生对黑人的抑郁症存在误诊。本文回顾了关于个体症状种族差异的实证研究，并总结了误诊方面的证据。文章认为，必须更加关注解决该领域研究人员所做的两个相互矛盾的假设：（1）黑人和白人表现出相似的症状，但诊断医生错误地认为他们不同；（2）黑人和白人以不同方式表现出精神病理学特征，但诊断医生未意识到或对这种文化差异不敏感。文章最后提出了建议的研究方向，并讨论了关键的研究问题。
