Couch Elizabeth T, Chaffee Benjamin W, Gansky Stuart A, Walsh Margaret M
J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Jul;147(7):561-9. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.01.008. Epub 2016 Mar 14.
Tobacco products in the United States and the patterns of tobacco use are changing. Although cigarette smoking prevalence has declined, dental professionals are likely to encounter substantial numbers of patients who have tried and are continuing to use new and alternative tobacco products, including cigars, water pipes (hookahs), and electronic cigarettes, as well as conventional and new smokeless tobacco products.
The authors reviewed conventional and new tobacco products in the United States, their adverse oral and systemic health effects, and their prevalence of use.
Tobacco products other than cigarettes account for a substantial portion of tobacco use. For this reason, tobacco-use prevention and cessation counseling provided by dental health care professionals must address all tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, water pipes, and electronic cigarettes, as well as conventional and new smokeless tobacco products. Cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use are associated with immediate and long-term adverse health effects, including nicotine addiction, oral and systemic disease, and death. Novel products may attract new tobacco users, potentially leading to addiction that results in enduring tobacco product use and associated adverse health effects.
This critical review of conventional, new, and emerging tobacco products presents information that dental professionals can use in providing tobacco-related counseling to patients who use or who are at risk for using tobacco products.
It is essential that dental professionals are knowledgeable about tobacco products and are able to answer patients' questions and provide them with evidence-based tobacco-related counseling. This information may prevent patients from initiating use or help reduce or cease use to avoid immediate and long-term adverse health effects, including nicotine addiction, oral and systemic disease, and death.
美国的烟草产品及烟草使用模式正在发生变化。尽管吸烟率有所下降，但牙科专业人员仍可能会遇到大量尝试并持续使用新型和替代烟草产品的患者，这些产品包括雪茄、水烟、电子烟，以及传统和新型无烟烟草产品。
作者回顾了美国的传统和新型烟草产品、它们对口腔和全身健康的不良影响以及使用 prevalence。
除香烟外的烟草产品占烟草使用的很大一部分。因此，牙科保健专业人员提供的烟草使用预防和戒烟咨询必须涵盖所有烟草产品，包括香烟、雪茄、水烟和电子烟，以及传统和新型无烟烟草产品。吸烟和使用无烟烟草会带来即时和长期的健康不良影响，包括尼古丁成瘾、口腔和全身疾病以及死亡。新型产品可能会吸引新的烟草使用者，有可能导致成瘾，进而导致长期使用烟草产品并产生相关的健康不良影响。
对传统、新型和新兴烟草产品的这一重要综述提供了牙科专业人员可用于向使用或有使用烟草产品风险的患者提供烟草相关咨询的信息。
牙科专业人员必须了解烟草产品，能够回答患者的问题并为他们提供基于证据的烟草相关咨询，这至关重要。这些信息可能会阻止患者开始使用烟草，或有助于减少或停止使用，以避免即时和长期的健康不良影响，包括尼古丁成瘾、口腔和全身疾病以及死亡。
