Welle Monika M, Wiener Dominique J
Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Animal Pathology, DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Animal Pathology, DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Toxicol Pathol. 2016 Jun;44(4):564-74. doi: 10.1177/0192623316631843. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
The hair follicle (HF) has a wide range of functions including thermoregulation, physical and immunological protection against external insults, sensory perception, social interactions, and camouflage. One of the most characteristic features of HFs is that they self-renew during hair cycle (HC) throughout the entire life of an individual to continuously produce new hair. HC disturbances are common in humans and comparable to some alopecic disorders in dogs. A normal HC is maintained by follicular stem cells (SCs), which are predominately found in an area known as the bulge. Due to similar morphological characteristics of the human and canine bulge area, the particularity of compound HFs in humans and dogs as well as similarities in follicular biomarker expression, the dog might be a promising model to study human HC and SC disorders. In this review, we give an overview of normal follicular anatomy, the HC, and follicular SCs and discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of noninflammatory alopecia.
毛囊（HF）具有广泛的功能，包括体温调节、抵御外部侵害的物理和免疫保护、感官知觉、社交互动以及伪装。毛囊最显著的特征之一是，在个体的整个生命周期中，它们在毛发周期（HC）内自我更新，以持续产生新的毛发。毛发周期紊乱在人类中很常见，与犬类的一些脱发疾病类似。正常的毛发周期由毛囊干细胞（SCs）维持，这些干细胞主要存在于一个称为隆突区的区域。由于人类和犬类隆突区的形态特征相似，人类和犬类复合毛囊的特殊性以及毛囊生物标志物表达的相似性，狗可能是研究人类毛发周期和干细胞疾病的一个有前景的模型。在这篇综述中，我们概述了正常毛囊的解剖结构、毛发周期和毛囊干细胞，并讨论了非炎性脱发可能的发病机制。
