Fishbein Diana H, Ridenour Ty A, Stahl Mindy, Sussman Steve
The Pennsylvania State University, 302 Biobehavioral Health Building, State College, 16841, PA, USA.
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA.
Transl Behav Med. 2016 Mar;6(1):5-16. doi: 10.1007/s13142-015-0376-2.
A broad-span, six-stage translational prevention model is presented, extending from the basic sciences-taking a multi-level systems approach, including the neurobiological sciences-through to globalization. The application of a very wide perspective of translation research from basic scientific discovery to international policy change promises to elicit sustainable, population-level reductions in behavioral health disorders. To illustrate the conceptualization and actualization of a program of translational prevention research, we walk through each stage of research to practice and policy using an exemplar, callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Basic science has identified neurobiological, psychophysiological, behavioral, contextual, and experiential differences in this subgroup, and yet, these findings have not been applied to the development of more targeted intervention. As a result, there are currently no programs considered especially effective for CU traits, likely because they do not specifically target underlying mechanisms. To prevent/reduce the prevalence of conduct disorder, it is critical that we transfer existing knowledge to subsequent translational stages, including intervention development, implementation, and scaling. And eventually, once resulting programs have been rigorously evaluated, replicated, and adapted across cultural, ethnic, and gender groups, there is potential to institutionalize them as well as call attention to the special needs of this population. In this paper, we begin to consider what resources and changes in research perspectives are needed to move along this translational spectrum.
本文提出了一个涵盖广泛、分六个阶段的转化预防模型，该模型从基础科学出发——采用多层次系统方法，包括神经生物学科学——一直延伸到全球化。从基础科学发现到国际政策变化，运用非常广泛的翻译研究视角有望在行为健康障碍方面实现可持续的、群体层面的减少。为了说明转化预防研究项目的概念化和实施，我们以无情无感（CU）特质为例，逐步介绍从研究到实践和政策的每个阶段。基础科学已经确定了该亚组在神经生物学、心理生理学、行为、背景和体验方面的差异，然而，这些发现尚未应用于更有针对性干预措施的开发。因此，目前没有针对CU特质被认为特别有效的项目，可能是因为它们没有专门针对潜在机制。为了预防/降低品行障碍的患病率，我们将现有知识转化到后续的转化阶段至关重要，包括干预措施的开发、实施和推广。最终，一旦由此产生的项目经过严格评估、复制，并在不同文化、种族和性别群体中进行调整，就有可能将它们制度化，并引起对该人群特殊需求的关注。在本文中，我们开始思考沿着这个转化范围推进需要哪些资源和研究视角的变化。
