Dimitrova-Dyulgerova Ivanka, Zhelev Iliya, Mihaylova Dasha
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski", Bulgaria.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9000, Bulgaria.
Pharmacogn Mag. 2015 Oct;11(Suppl 4):S575-9. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.172964.
Plant species from genus Carduus are widely distributed in the world and represented in Bulgaria by 14 species. Previous investigations on this genus demonstrated a strong antioxidant potential of extract from some Bulgarian Carduus species.
The present study investigates the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of different extracts obtained from four endemic Compositae herbs, growing wild in Bulgaria: Carduus armatus Boiss and Heldr., Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit ssp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi., Carduus rhodopaeus Velen. and Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek.
Antioxidant capacity of the obtained extracts was estimated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power and copper reduction antioxidant assays. Phenolic profile was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography.
Eleven phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were quantified in the inflorescences. Sinapic (2760.72 ± 15.68 μg/g dry weight [dw]), chlorogenic (2564.50 ± 19.73 μg/g dw) and ferulic acids (1648.71 ± 19.57 μg/g dw), as well as luteolin (2345.45 ± 18.61 μg/g dw) and apigenin (1332.75 ± 12.05 μg/g dw) were found to be the predominant compounds. The above contents are the highest values found in C. candicans ssp. globifer. The highest established antioxidant activity (AOA) was in favor of the ethanolic extracts, and the extract of C. rhodopaeus affirmed with the highest AOA among the investigated plant species.
All identified phenolic compounds were reported for the 1(st) time in the studied endemic Carduus species, as well as their antioxidant capacities. The present study revealed that these plant species could be used as sources of antioxidants with potential medicinal properties.
Phenolic acids and flavonoid profiles of four endemic compositae herbs, growing wild in Bulgaria: Carduus armatus, Carduus candicans ssp. globifer, Carduus rhodopaeus and Carduus thracicus, were quantified for the first time by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eleven phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were determined in the inflorescences. Sinapic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids, as well as luteolin and apigenin were found to be the predominant compounds. The highest values of established phenolic compounds were found in C. candicans ssp. globifer. The studied plant extracts of Carduus species possessed antioxidant activity in favor of C. rhodopaeus and results confirmed 70 % ethanol as more appropriate solvent. The present study revealed that these plant species could be used as sources of antioxidants with potential medicinal properties.
飞廉属植物在世界范围内广泛分布，在保加利亚有14个物种。此前对该属植物的研究表明，一些保加利亚飞廉属植物的提取物具有很强的抗氧化潜力。
本研究调查了四种在保加利亚野生生长的菊科特有草本植物不同提取物的酚类成分和抗氧化潜力，这四种植物分别是：武装飞廉（Carduus armatus Boiss and Heldr.）、白飞廉（Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit ssp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi.）、罗多彼飞廉（Carduus rhodopaeus Velen.）和色雷斯飞廉（Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek.）。
用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼、2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）、铁还原抗氧化能力和铜还原抗氧化能力测定法评估所得提取物的抗氧化能力。通过高效液相色谱法评估酚类成分。
在花序中定量分析了11种酚酸和8种黄酮类化合物。发现芥子酸（2760.72±15.68μg/g干重[dw]）、绿原酸（2564.50±19.73μg/g dw）和阿魏酸（1648.71±19.57μg/g dw），以及木犀草素（2345.45±18.61μg/g dw）和芹菜素（1332.75±12.05μg/g dw）是主要化合物。上述含量是在白飞廉亚种globifer中发现的最高值。已确定的最高抗氧化活性（AOA）有利于乙醇提取物，在所研究的植物物种中，罗多彼飞廉的提取物AOA最高。
在所研究的特有飞廉属物种中，所有鉴定出的酚类化合物及其抗氧化能力均为首次报道。本研究表明，这些植物物种可作为具有潜在药用特性的抗氧化剂来源。
首次通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对四种在保加利亚野生生长的菊科特有草本植物（武装飞廉、白飞廉亚种globifer、罗多彼飞廉和色雷斯飞廉）的酚酸和黄酮类成分进行了定量分析。在花序中测定了11种酚酸和8种黄酮类化合物。发现芥子酸、绿原酸和阿魏酸，以及木犀草素和芹菜素是主要化合物。在白飞廉亚种globifer中发现了已确定的酚类化合物的最高值。所研究的飞廉属植物提取物具有抗氧化活性，有利于罗多彼飞廉，结果证实70%乙醇是更合适的溶剂。本研究表明，这些植物物种可作为具有潜在药用特性的抗氧化剂来源。
