Xiang Yan-Hui, Chi Xinli, Jiang Yi-Qi, Wang Rui-Fang, Mo Lei
Center for Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.
College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
Front Psychiatry. 2016 Mar 11;7:17. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00017. eCollection 2016.
This study examined personality, coping styles, and psychosomatic characteristics and their relationships in bereaved and non-bereaved earthquake survivors.
Cross-sectional survey.
A survey was conducted with a sample of 102 non-bereaved survivors and 79 bereaved survivors from Mianyang, Anyang, and similar districts 2 weeks after Wenchuan earthquake. Survivors completed questionnaires, including items about demographics, personality characteristics, coping styles, and psychosomatic status.
Bereaved survivors had lower scores for gregariousness, trust, and optimism, but higher scores for depressed mood, loneliness, becoming easily fearful, irritation, and anxiety than non-bereaved survivors. In addition, bereaved participants scored higher for avoiding problems, self-blame, and fantasy coping styles than non-bereaved ones. Personality and coping styles significantly correlated with psychosomatic status in bereaved and non-bereaved survivors. Optimism and openness to feelings personality characteristics, and self-blame, avoiding problems, and rationalization coping styles significantly predicted psychosomatic status of bereaved survivors, whereas openness to fantasy, optimism, order, and trust personality characteristics, and self-blame and avoiding problems coping styles significantly predicted psychosomatic status of non-bereaved survivors.
Earthquake survivors experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and negative emotions. Bereaved survivors experienced more serious PTSD symptoms and negative emotions relative to non-bereaved survivors. Appropriate psychological crisis interventions should be conducted for earthquake survivors, especially bereaved survivors.
本研究调查了汶川地震中失去亲人与未失去亲人的幸存者的人格、应对方式和心身特征及其相互关系。
横断面调查。
在汶川地震两周后，对来自绵阳、安县及类似地区的102名未失去亲人的幸存者和79名失去亲人的幸存者进行了抽样调查。幸存者完成了问卷，内容包括人口统计学、人格特征、应对方式和心身状况等项目。
与未失去亲人的幸存者相比，失去亲人的幸存者在社交性、信任和乐观方面得分较低，但在情绪低落、孤独、易恐惧、易怒和焦虑方面得分较高。此外，失去亲人的参与者在回避问题、自责和幻想应对方式上的得分高于未失去亲人的参与者。人格和应对方式与失去亲人及未失去亲人的幸存者的心身状况显著相关。乐观和情感开放性人格特征，以及自责、回避问题和合理化应对方式显著预测了失去亲人的幸存者的心身状况，而幻想开放性、乐观、秩序和信任人格特征，以及自责和回避问题应对方式显著预测了未失去亲人的幸存者的心身状况。
地震幸存者经历了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状和负面情绪。与未失去亲人的幸存者相比，失去亲人的幸存者经历了更严重的PTSD症状和负面情绪。应对地震幸存者，尤其是失去亲人的幸存者进行适当的心理危机干预。
