Trofimova Irina, Sulis William
Collective Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2016 Mar 14;7:338. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00338. eCollection 2016.
Temperament traits and mental illness have been linked to varying degrees of imbalances in neurotransmitter systems of behavior regulation. If a temperament model has been carefully structured to reflect weak imbalances within systems of behavior regulation, then in the presence of mental illness, these profiles should exhibit distinct patterns consistent with symptoms of mental illness. In contrast to other temperament models used in studies of anxiety disorders, the Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) model differentiates not only between emotionality traits, but also between traits related to physical, social-verbal and mental aspects of behavior. This paper analyzed the predictions of the FET model, which maps 12 functional aspects of behavior to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as described in the DSM/ICD. As an example, the paper describes a study of the coupling of sex, age and temperament traits with GAD using the FET framework. The intake records of 116 clients in treatment with confirmed diagnosis of GAD in a private psychological practice were compared using ANOVA against records of 146 healthy clients using their scores on the FET-based questionnaire, in age groups 17-24, 25-45, 46-65. Patients with GAD in all age groups reported significantly lower Social Endurance, Social Tempo, Probabilistic reasoning (but not in physical aspects of behavior) and higher Neuroticism than healthy individuals, however, no effects on the scales of Motor Endurance or Tempo were found. These findings show the benefits of differentiation between motor-physical and social-verbal aspects of behavior in psychological assessment of mental disorders.
气质特征与精神疾病在不同程度上与行为调节神经递质系统的失衡有关。如果一个气质模型经过精心构建以反映行为调节系统内的微弱失衡，那么在存在精神疾病的情况下，这些特征应该呈现出与精神疾病症状一致的独特模式。与用于焦虑症研究的其他气质模型不同，功能性气质组合（FET）模型不仅区分情绪特征，还区分与行为的身体、社会语言和心理方面相关的特征。本文分析了FET模型的预测结果，该模型将行为的12个功能方面映射到《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）/《国际疾病分类》（ICD）中描述的广泛性焦虑症（GAD）的症状。作为一个例子，本文描述了一项使用FET框架研究性别、年龄和气质特征与GAD之间关联的研究。在一家私人心理诊所中，对116名确诊为GAD的接受治疗的患者的 intake记录，与146名健康患者的记录进行方差分析比较，这些健康患者在基于FET的问卷上的得分处于17 - 24岁、25 - 45岁、46 - 65岁年龄组。所有年龄组的GAD患者在社交耐力、社交节奏、概率推理（但在行为的身体方面没有）方面的得分显著低于健康个体，并且神经质得分更高，然而，在运动耐力或节奏量表上未发现影响。这些发现表明在精神障碍的心理评估中区分行为的运动 - 身体和社会 - 语言方面的益处。 （注：原文中“intake records”不太明确准确意思，这里直接保留英文未翻译，可能是有特定专业含义的术语）
