Ahmed Waqas, Zheng Ke, Liu Zheng-Fei
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016 Mar 15;6:30. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00030. eCollection 2016.
Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes zoonotic infection known as brucellosis which results in abortion and infertility in natural host. Humans, especially in low income countries, can acquire infection by direct contact with infected animal or by consumption of animal products and show high morbidity, severe economic losses and public health problems. However for survival, host cells develop complex immune mechanisms to defeat and battle against attacking pathogens and maintain a balance between host resistance and Brucella virulence. On the other hand as a successful intracellular pathogen, Brucella has evolved multiple strategies to evade immune response mechanisms to establish persistent infection and replication within host. In this review, we mainly summarize the "Stealth" strategies employed by Brucella to modulate innate and the adaptive immune systems, autophagy, apoptosis and possible role of small noncoding RNA in the establishment of chronic infection. The purpose of this review is to give an overview for recent understanding how this pathogen evades immune response mechanisms of host, which will facilitate to understanding the pathogenesis of brucellosis and the development of novel, more effective therapeutic approaches to treat brucellosis.
布鲁氏菌是一种兼性胞内病原体，可引发人畜共患病布鲁氏菌病，导致自然宿主流产和不育。人类，尤其是在低收入国家，可通过直接接触受感染动物或食用动物产品而感染，表现出高发病率、严重的经济损失和公共卫生问题。然而，为了生存，宿主细胞会形成复杂的免疫机制来对抗和抵御入侵的病原体，并在宿主抵抗力和布鲁氏菌毒力之间保持平衡。另一方面，作为一种成功的胞内病原体，布鲁氏菌已经进化出多种策略来逃避免疫反应机制，以便在宿主体内建立持续感染和复制。在这篇综述中，我们主要总结了布鲁氏菌用于调节先天性和适应性免疫系统、自噬、凋亡以及小非编码RNA在慢性感染建立中可能作用的“隐身”策略。这篇综述的目的是概述对这种病原体如何逃避宿主免疫反应机制的最新认识，这将有助于理解布鲁氏菌病的发病机制以及开发新的、更有效的治疗布鲁氏菌病的方法。
