Thottathil Gincy Paily, Jayasekaran Kandakumar, Othman Ahmad Sofiman
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Trop Life Sci Res. 2016 Feb;27(1):93-114.
Agricultural development in the tropics lags behind development in the temperate latitudes due to the lack of advanced technology, and various biotic and abiotic factors. To cope with the increasing demand for food and other plant-based products, improved crop varieties have to be developed. To breed improved varieties, a better understanding of crop genetics is necessary. With the advent of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, many important crop genomes have been sequenced. Primary importance has been given to food crops, including cereals, tuber crops, vegetables, and fruits. The DNA sequence information is extremely valuable for identifying key genes controlling important agronomic traits and for identifying genetic variability among the cultivars. However, massive DNA re-sequencing and gene expression studies have to be performed to substantially improve our understanding of crop genetics. Application of the knowledge obtained from the genomes, transcriptomes, expression studies, and epigenetic studies would enable the development of improved varieties and may lead to a second green revolution. The applications of next generation DNA sequencing technologies in crop improvement, its limitations, future prospects, and the features of important crop genome projects are reviewed herein.
由于缺乏先进技术以及各种生物和非生物因素，热带地区的农业发展落后于温带地区。为了应对对粮食和其他植物性产品日益增长的需求，必须培育改良的作物品种。为了培育改良品种，有必要更好地了解作物遗传学。随着下一代DNA测序技术的出现，许多重要作物的基因组已被测序。重点主要放在了粮食作物上，包括谷物、块茎作物、蔬菜和水果。DNA序列信息对于鉴定控制重要农艺性状的关键基因以及鉴定品种间的遗传变异性极为有价值。然而必须进行大规模的DNA重测序和基因表达研究，以大幅增进我们对作物遗传学的理解。应用从基因组、转录组、表达研究和表观遗传学研究中获得的知识将能够培育改良品种，并可能引发第二次绿色革命。本文综述了下一代DNA测序技术在作物改良中的应用、其局限性、未来前景以及重要作物基因组计划的特点。
