Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016 May;17(5):323-32. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.23. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
Language-processing functions follow heterogeneous developmental trajectories. The human embryo can already distinguish vowels in utero, but grammatical complexity is usually not fully mastered until at least 7 years of age. Examining the current literature, we propose that the ontogeny of the cortical language network can be roughly subdivided into two main developmental stages. In the first stage extending over the first 3 years of life, the infant rapidly acquires bottom-up processing capacities, which are primarily implemented bilaterally in the temporal cortices. In the second stage continuing into adolescence, top-down processes emerge gradually with the increasing functional selectivity and structural connectivity of the left inferior frontal cortex.
语言处理功能遵循异质的发展轨迹。人类胚胎在子宫内就能区分元音，但语法复杂性通常要到至少 7 岁才能完全掌握。通过研究当前的文献，我们提出皮质语言网络的个体发生可以大致细分为两个主要的发育阶段。在第一个阶段，持续到生命的头 3 年，婴儿迅速获得自下而上的处理能力，这些能力主要在颞叶中双侧实现。在第二个阶段，持续到青少年时期，随着左额下回皮质功能选择性和结构连接性的逐渐增加，自上而下的过程逐渐出现。
