Klotz Stephen A, Shirazi F Mazda, Boesen Keith, Beatty Norman L, Dorn Patricia L, Smith Shannon, Schmidt Justin O
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Environ Health Insights. 2016 Mar 23;10:45-9. doi: 10.4137/EHI.S32834. eCollection 2016.
Kissing bugs (Triatoma spp.) frequently enter homes and bite human and pet occupants. Bites may lead to severe allergic reactions and, in some cases, death. Kissing bugs are also vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease. In general, modern houses in the United States are not conducive to domiciliation of kissing bugs (bugs living out their entire life within the home with the presence of eggs, nymphs, adults, and exuviae). Construction features such as concrete foundations, solid walls and ceilings, window screens, tight thresholds for doors and windows, and other measures impede bug entry into homes, and air conditioning reduces the need for open doors and windows. Where Chagas disease is endemic in Mexico and Central and South America, homes often have thatch roofs, adobe walls, and open doors and windows. We investigated numerous instances of kissing bug intrusions into homes in Southern Arizona, California, and Louisiana and documented the reactions to kissing bug bites. Our work confirms the importance of modern home construction in limiting kissing bug intrusions. Older homes, especially those lacking modern screening, caulking, and weather stripping to reduce air leakage, may be subject to kissing bug intrusions and domiciliation. We describe a community in Southern Arizona where domiciliation of homes by Triatoma recurva is common. We also provide recent data regarding kissing bug bites and allergic reactions to the bites.
锥蝽（锥蝽属）经常进入家中，叮咬居住的人类和宠物。叮咬可能导致严重的过敏反应，在某些情况下甚至会导致死亡。锥蝽也是克氏锥虫的传播媒介，克氏锥虫是导致恰加斯病的病原体。一般来说，美国的现代房屋不利于锥蝽栖息（即锥蝽在房屋内完成整个生命周期，有卵、若虫、成虫和蜕壳）。诸如混凝土基础、实心墙壁和天花板、纱窗、门窗紧密的门槛等建筑特征以及其他措施会阻碍锥蝽进入房屋，而空调减少了对门窗敞开的需求。在墨西哥以及中美洲和南美洲恰加斯病流行的地区，房屋通常有茅草屋顶、土坯墙以及敞开的门窗。我们调查了亚利桑那州南部、加利福尼亚州和路易斯安那州众多锥蝽侵入房屋的案例，并记录了对锥蝽叮咬的反应。我们的研究证实了现代房屋建筑在限制锥蝽侵入方面的重要性。老旧房屋，尤其是那些缺乏现代纱窗、填缝材料和挡风雨条以减少空气泄漏的房屋，可能会遭受锥蝽的侵入和栖息。我们描述了亚利桑那州南部一个常见红带锥蝽栖息房屋的社区。我们还提供了有关锥蝽叮咬以及叮咬过敏反应的最新数据。
