Taechakulwanijya Natthanan, Weerapreeyakul Natthida, Barusrux Sahapat, Siriamornpun Sirithorn
Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
Chin Med. 2016 Apr 1;11:15. doi: 10.1186/s13020-016-0085-x. eCollection 2016.
Jujube (Zǎo) seeds exhibited anticancer effects and used in Chinese medicine for many years. This study aims to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of seed extracts from eight different cultivated species ('Apple', 'Bombay', 'Jumbo', 'Kaew', 'Nomsod', 'Rianthong', 'Samros', and 'Taiwan') on human Jurkat leukemia T cells.
We evaluated the effects of seed extracts from eight jujube cultivated species on human Jurkat leukemia T cells. The crude seed extracts were prepared sequentially by using water, 95 % ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform or hexane. The antiproliferative effects of the jujube seed extracts relative to that of melphalan were evaluated by neutral red assays. Apoptotic cell death induced by the ethanolic extracts at 1 × IC50 and 2 × IC50 concentrations was demonstrated by DAPI staining, gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 enzyme activities.
Ethanolic extracts of 'Taiwan', 'Jumbo', 'Nomsod', 'Rianthong', 'Samros', and 'Bombay', significantly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells compared with untreated cells (all P < 0.001), while the extracts of 'Kaew' and 'Apple' were inactive. The six active extracts preferentially induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with DNA fragmentation (2 × IC50). Increased caspase-3 activity was detected after treatment with the six extracts. The 'Taiwan', 'Nomsod', 'Jumbo', and 'Rianthong' extracts (2 × IC50) induced both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways by increasing caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity, respectively. Alkaloids (Dragendorff's method) and reducing sugars (Fehling's test) were mainly identified in the apoptosis-inducing extracts.
The tested of six active extracts ('Taiwan', 'Jumbo', 'Nomsod', 'Rianthong', 'Samros' and 'Bombay') contained alkaloids or reducing sugars, and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human Jurkat leukemia T cells.
枣种子具有抗癌作用，且已在中药中应用多年。本研究旨在探究来自八个不同栽培品种（“苹果枣”、“孟买枣”、“巨型枣”、“考艾枣”、“农索德枣”、“利安通枣”、“萨姆罗斯枣”和“台湾枣”）的种子提取物对人 Jurkat 白血病 T 细胞的凋亡诱导作用。
我们评估了八个枣栽培品种的种子提取物对人 Jurkat 白血病 T 细胞的作用。粗种子提取物依次用水、95%乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、氯仿或己烷制备。通过中性红试验评估枣种子提取物相对于美法仑的抗增殖作用。用 DAPI 染色、凝胶电泳、Annexin V/碘化丙啶染色的流式细胞术以及 caspase-3、-8 和 -9 酶活性来证明乙醇提取物在 1×IC50 和 2×IC50 浓度下诱导的凋亡细胞死亡。
与未处理的细胞相比，“台湾枣”、“巨型枣”、“农索德枣”、“利安通枣”、“萨姆罗斯枣”和“孟买枣”的乙醇提取物显著抑制了 Jurkat 细胞的增殖（所有 P < 0.001），而“考艾枣”和“苹果枣”的提取物无活性。六种活性提取物以浓度依赖的方式优先诱导凋亡细胞死亡，并伴有 DNA 片段化（2×IC50）。用六种提取物处理后检测到 caspase-3 活性增加。“台湾枣”、“农索德枣”、“巨型枣”和“利安通枣”的提取物（2×IC50）分别通过增加 caspase-8 和 caspase-9 活性诱导了外源性和内源性凋亡途径。在诱导凋亡的提取物中主要鉴定出生物碱（改良碘化铋钾法）和还原糖（斐林氏试验）。
所测试的六种活性提取物（“台湾枣”、“巨型枣”、“农索德枣”、“利安通枣”、“萨姆罗斯枣”和“孟买枣”）含有生物碱或还原糖，并在人 Jurkat 白血病 T 细胞中诱导了 caspase 依赖性凋亡。
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