Butte Nancy F, Puyau Maurice R, Wilson Theresa A, Liu Yan, Wong William W, Adolph Anne L, Zakeri Issa F
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Jun;24(6):1328-35. doi: 10.1002/oby.21489. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
The impact of physical activity patterns and sleep duration on growth and body composition of preschool-aged children remains unresolved. Aims were (1) to delineate cross-sectional associations among physical activity components, sleep, total energy expenditure (TEE), and body size and composition; and (2) to determine whether physical activity components, sleep, and TEE predict 1-year changes in body size and composition in healthy preschool-aged children.
Anthropometry, body composition, accelerometry, and TEE by doubly labeled water were measured at baseline; anthropometry and body composition were repeated 1 year later (n = 111).
Cross-sectionally, positive associations between sedentary activity and weight and fat-free mass (FFM) (P = 0.009-0.047), and a negative association between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and percent fat mass (FM) (P = 0.015) were observed. TEE and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were positively associated with weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM, and FM (P = 0.0001-0.046). Prospectively, TEE, AEE, physical activity level, and MVPA, but not sedentary activity, were positively associated with changes in BMI (P = 0.0001-0.051) and FFM (P = 0.0001-0.037), but not percent FM. Sleep duration inversely predicted changes in FM (P = 0.005) and percent FM (P = 0.006).
Prospectively, MVPA, TEE, AEE, and physical activity level promote normal growth and accretion of FFM, whereas sleep duration inversely predicts changes in adiposity in preschool-aged children.
身体活动模式和睡眠时间对学龄前儿童生长及身体成分的影响仍未明确。本研究旨在：（1）描绘身体活动各组成部分、睡眠、总能量消耗（TEE）与身体大小和成分之间的横断面关联；（2）确定身体活动各组成部分、睡眠和TEE是否能预测健康学龄前儿童1年内身体大小和成分的变化。
在基线时测量人体测量学指标、身体成分、加速度计数据以及用双标记水法测量TEE；1年后重复测量人体测量学指标和身体成分（n = 111）。
横断面分析中，久坐活动与体重和去脂体重（FFM）呈正相关（P = 0.009 - 0.047），中等强度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）与脂肪量百分比（FM）呈负相关（P = 0.015）。TEE和活动能量消耗（AEE）与体重、体重指数（BMI）、FFM和FM呈正相关（P = 0.0001 - 0.046）。前瞻性分析中，TEE、AEE、身体活动水平和MVPA（而非久坐活动）与BMI（P = 0.0001 - 0.051）和FFM（P = 0.0001 - 0.037）的变化呈正相关，但与FM百分比无关。睡眠时间可反向预测FM（P = 0.005）和FM百分比（P = 0.006）的变化。
前瞻性研究表明，MVPA、TEE、AEE和身体活动水平可促进学龄前儿童正常生长和FFM增加，而睡眠时间可反向预测学龄前儿童肥胖程度的变化。
