Rosário Susel, Fonseca João A, Nienhaus Albert, da Costa José Torres
Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; CINTESIS - Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems and Information and Decision Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Institute & Hospital, Porto, Portugal.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2016 Apr 14;11:19. doi: 10.1186/s12995-016-0106-9. eCollection 2016.
Previous studies of psychosocial work factors have indicated their importance for workers' health. However, to what extent health problems can be attributed to the nature of the work environment or other psychosocial factors is not clear. No previous systematic review has used inclusion criteria based on specific medical evaluation of work-related health outcomes and the use of validated instruments for the assessment of the psychosocial (work) environment. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence assessing the relationship between the psychosocial work environment and workers' health based on studies that used standardized and validated instruments to assess the psychosocial work environment and that focused on medically confirmed health outcomes. A systematic review of the literature was carried out by searching the databases PubMed, B-ON, Science Direct, Psycarticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and the search engine (Google Scholar) using appropriate words for studies published from 2004 to 2014. This review follows the recommendations of the Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). Studies were included in the review if data on psychosocial validated assessment method(s) for the study population and specific medical evaluation of health-related work outcome(s) were presented. In total, the search strategy yielded 10,623 references, of which 10 studies (seven prospective cohort and three cross-sectional) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (7/10) observed an adverse effect of poor psychosocial work factors on workers' health: 3 on sickness absence, 4 on cardiovascular diseases. The other 3 studies reported detrimental effects on sleep and on disease-associated biomarkers. A more consistent effect was observed in studies of higher methodological quality that used a prospective design jointly with the use of validated instruments for the assessment of the psychosocial (work) environment and clinical evaluation. More prospective studies are needed to assess the evidence of work-related psychosocial factors on workers´ health.
以往关于心理社会工作因素的研究表明了它们对工人健康的重要性。然而，健康问题在多大程度上可归因于工作环境的性质或其他心理社会因素尚不清楚。以前没有系统评价使用基于对与工作相关的健康结果进行具体医学评估的纳入标准以及使用经过验证的工具来评估心理社会（工作）环境。本系统评价的目的是基于使用标准化和经过验证的工具来评估心理社会工作环境并侧重于医学确认的健康结果的研究，总结评估心理社会工作环境与工人健康之间关系的证据。通过在数据库PubMed、B-ON、Science Direct、Psycarticles、Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection以及搜索引擎（谷歌学术）中使用适当的关键词搜索2004年至2014年发表的研究，对文献进行了系统评价。本评价遵循《系统评价报告声明》（PRISMA）的建议。如果呈现了针对研究人群的心理社会验证评估方法的数据以及与健康相关的工作结果的具体医学评估，则将研究纳入评价。搜索策略总共产生了10623条参考文献，其中10项研究（7项前瞻性队列研究和3项横断面研究）符合纳入标准。大多数研究（7/10）观察到不良的心理社会工作因素对工人健康有不利影响：3项研究涉及病假，4项研究涉及心血管疾病。其他3项研究报告了对睡眠和疾病相关生物标志物的有害影响。在方法学质量较高的研究中观察到更一致的效果，这些研究采用前瞻性设计并结合使用经过验证的工具来评估心理社会（工作）环境和临床评估。需要更多的前瞻性研究来评估与工作相关的心理社会因素对工人健康影响的证据。
