Gisolfi C V, Wilson N C, Claxton B
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1977;301:139-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38193.x.
Physical training in a cool environment by subjects not previously trained improves their work-heat tolerance, but can not replace heat acclimatization to the standard heat stress conditions employed by a variety of investigators. This is attributed to the inability of these subjects to sustain prolonged work at high metabolic rates. Thus, they are not maintaining high core body temperatures long enough to bring about an adaptive change to heat. On the other hand, the intense and prolonged (years) training of long distance runners in a temperature environment at high metabolic rates has acclimatized them for at least 4 hours of mild work (MR 160 kcal/m2-hr) in both hot dry (50/27 C db/wb) and hot wet (36.7/33.1 C db/wb) environments, but not for work at high energy expenditures (MR 540 kcal/m2-hr) in a less severe thermal stress (35/21 C db/wb). These highly trained athletes can improve their work-heat tolerance at high metabolic rates in a warm climate by training at competitive speeds in a cool environment dressed in sweat clothing or by training at near competitive speeds in the heat. In either of these situations the athlete is cautioned to consume water at frequent intervals to offset the dehydration associated with excessive sweating under these conditions.
以前未经训练的受试者在凉爽环境中进行体育锻炼可提高其工作耐热性，但无法替代对各种研究人员所采用的标准热应激条件的热适应。这归因于这些受试者无法在高代谢率下持续长时间工作。因此，他们无法维持足够长的高核心体温以实现对热的适应性变化。另一方面，长跑运动员在高温环境中以高代谢率进行高强度和长时间（数年）的训练，已使他们在炎热干燥（干球温度50/湿球温度27摄氏度）和炎热潮湿（干球温度36.7/湿球温度33.1摄氏度）环境中适应至少4小时的轻度工作（代谢率160千卡/平方米·小时），但在不太严重的热应激（干球温度35/湿球温度21摄氏度）下无法适应高能量消耗（代谢率540千卡/平方米·小时）的工作。这些训练有素的运动员可以通过在凉爽环境中穿着运动服以竞技速度训练，或在炎热环境中以接近竞技速度训练，来提高其在温暖气候下高代谢率时的工作耐热性。在这两种情况下，都要告诫运动员频繁饮水，以抵消在这些条件下因过度出汗而导致的脱水。
