Alharbi Bader Murshed, Tso Michael K, Macdonald R Loch
a Division of Neurosurgery , St. Michael's Hospital, Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
b Department of Surgery , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
Neurol Res. 2016 May;38(5):448-55. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1144671. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke that results in significant mortality and morbidity. Currently there is no definitive treatment for this disease. The paucity of animal models that reflect the heterogeneity of this spontaneous human disease could be the reason.
In this review, we searched the literature for animal models of spontaneous ICH and found eight relevant papers.
Two were related to hypertension and six were related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). One model used double transgenic mice overexpressing human renin and angiotensinogen which caused the mice to be hypertensive. Induction of ICH, however required addition of a high salt diet and nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Another mouse model of hypertension employed subcutaneous angiotensin II infusion and nitric oxide synthase inhibition plus acute injections of angiotensin to further elevate blood pressure. Five CAA models were in transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. One relied on the natural development of CAA in squirrel monkeys.
While all of the spontaneous ICH models have some advantages, the disadvantages include the sporadic time of onset of ICH and variability in size and location of ICH. Since there are no known efficacious treatments for ICH, it is not known if findings in the animal models will find treatments that are effective in humans.
脑出血（ICH）是一种导致显著死亡率和发病率的中风类型。目前，这种疾病尚无确切的治疗方法。反映这种自发性人类疾病异质性的动物模型匮乏可能是原因所在。
在本综述中，我们检索了有关自发性脑出血动物模型的文献，共找到八篇相关论文。
两篇与高血压相关，六篇与脑淀粉样血管病（CAA）相关。一个模型使用了过表达人肾素和血管紧张素原的双转基因小鼠，这导致小鼠患高血压。然而，诱导脑出血需要添加高盐饮食并抑制一氧化氮合酶。另一个高血压小鼠模型采用皮下注射血管紧张素II并抑制一氧化氮合酶，再加上急性注射血管紧张素以进一步升高血压。五个CAA模型是在过表达淀粉样前体蛋白的转基因小鼠中建立的。一个模型依赖于松鼠猴中CAA的自然发展。
虽然所有自发性脑出血模型都有一些优点，但其缺点包括脑出血发作时间不规律以及脑出血大小和位置的变异性。由于目前尚无已知的有效治疗脑出血的方法，因此尚不清楚动物模型中的研究结果是否能找到对人类有效的治疗方法。
