Menchetti Laura, Traina Giovanna, Tomasello Giovanni, Casagrande-Proietti Patrizia, Leonardi Leonardo, Barbato Olimpia, Brecchia Gabriele
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia,Via S. Costanzo, Perugia, Italy.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2016 Jun 1;8(2):331-51. doi: 10.2741/s467.
This paper reviews the composition of colostrum and the potential preventive and therapeutic use of this "first milk" for treating various gastrointestinal disorders in humans. Colostrum is a complex biological liquid that is richer in antimicrobial peptides, immune-regulating compounds and growth factors than the subsequent mature milk. The main functions of colostrum are to provide essential nutritional components, strengthen the natural defense system, modulate immune response, balance intestinal microbiota and enhance the growth and repair of several tissues. Several studies and clinical trials carried out both in vitro and in vivo on humans and animals suggest the clinical benefits of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in gastro-intestinal diseases. Despite the encouraging results, further well-designed studies are required in order to confirm these effects, the dose and duration of treatment. Colostrum is safe since there are no contraindications regarding high dose levels and few side effects of clinical relevance have been reported. In conclusion, in the near future, colostrum-based supplements may play a complementary role to synthetic drugs in the prevention and treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders.
本文综述了初乳的成分以及这种“第一口奶”在治疗人类各种胃肠道疾病方面潜在的预防和治疗用途。初乳是一种复杂的生物液体，比随后的成熟乳汁含有更丰富的抗菌肽、免疫调节化合物和生长因子。初乳的主要功能是提供必需的营养成分、强化天然防御系统、调节免疫反应、平衡肠道微生物群以及促进多个组织的生长和修复。在人体和动物身上进行的多项体外和体内研究及临床试验表明，补充牛初乳（BC）对胃肠道疾病具有临床益处。尽管结果令人鼓舞，但仍需要进一步设计完善的研究来证实这些效果、治疗剂量和持续时间。初乳是安全的，因为没有高剂量的禁忌证，并且几乎没有报道过具有临床相关性的副作用。总之，在不久的将来，基于初乳的补充剂在预防和治疗各种胃肠道疾病方面可能会对合成药物起到补充作用。
