并非所有单腿深蹲都是一样的：三种变式的生物力学比较。
NOT ALL SINGLE LEG SQUATS ARE EQUAL: A BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF THREE VARIATIONS.
作者信息
Khuu Anne, Foch Eric, Lewis Cara L
机构信息
Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nutrition, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Apr;11(2):201-11.
BACKGROUND
The single leg squat (SLS) is a functional task used by practitioners to evaluate and treat multiple pathologies of the lower extremity. Variations of the SLS may have different neuromuscular and biomechanical demands. The effect of altering the non-stance leg position during the SLS on trunk, pelvic, and lower extremity mechanics has not been reported.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare trunk, pelvic, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and hip, knee, and ankle kinetics of three variations of the SLS using different non-stance leg positions: SLS-Front, SLS-Middle, and SLS-Back.
METHODS
Sixteen healthy women performed the three SLS tasks while data were collected using a motion capture system and force plates. Joint mechanics in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were compared for the SLS tasks using a separate repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for each variable at two analysis points: peak knee flexion (PKF) and 60 ° of knee flexion (60KF).
RESULTS
Different non-stance leg positions during the SLS resulted in distinct movement patterns and moments at the trunk, pelvis, and lower extremity. At PKF, SLS-Back exhibited the greatest kinematic differences (p < 0.05) from SLS-Front and SLS-Middle with greater ipsilateral trunk flexion, pelvic anterior tilt and drop, hip flexion and adduction, and external rotation as well as less knee flexion and abduction. SLS-Back also showed the greatest kinetic differences (p < 0.05) from SLS-Front and SLS-Middle with greater hip external rotator moment and knee extensor moment as well as less hip extensor moment and knee adductor moment at PKF. At 60KF, the findings were similar except at the knee.
CONCLUSION
The mechanics of the trunk, pelvis, and lower extremity during the SLS were affected by the position of the non-stance leg in healthy females. Practitioners can use these findings to distinguish between SLS variations and to select the appropriate SLS for assessment and rehabilitation.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
单腿深蹲（SLS）是从业者用于评估和治疗下肢多种病变的一项功能性任务。SLS的不同变式可能具有不同的神经肌肉和生物力学要求。SLS过程中改变非支撑腿位置对躯干、骨盆及下肢力学的影响尚未见报道。
目的
本研究旨在比较使用不同非支撑腿位置的三种SLS变式（SLS-前位、SLS-中位和SLS-后位）的躯干、骨盆、髋、膝和踝关节的运动学以及髋、膝和踝关节的动力学。
方法
16名健康女性完成三项SLS任务，同时使用运动捕捉系统和测力板收集数据。在矢状面、额状面和横断面比较SLS任务的关节力学，针对每个变量在两个分析点（屈膝峰值（PKF）和屈膝60°（60KF））使用单独的重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）。
结果
SLS过程中不同的非支撑腿位置导致躯干、骨盆和下肢出现不同的运动模式和力矩。在PKF时，SLS-后位与SLS-前位和SLS-中位相比表现出最大的运动学差异（p<0.05），同侧躯干前屈、骨盆前倾和下降、髋部屈曲和内收以及外旋更大，而屈膝和外展更小。SLS-后位与SLS-前位和SLS-中位相比在PKF时也表现出最大的动力学差异（p<0.05），髋部外旋力矩和膝伸肌力矩更大，而髋伸肌力矩和膝内收肌力矩更小。在60KF时，除膝关节外结果相似。
结论
健康女性SLS过程中躯干、骨盆和下肢的力学受非支撑腿位置的影响。从业者可利用这些发现区分SLS变式，并选择合适的SLS进行评估和康复。
证据水平
3级。
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