Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Jun;100(12):5231-46. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-7545-1. Epub 2016 Apr 26.
Abundant lignocellulosic biomass from various industries provides a great potential feedstock for the production of value-added products such as biofuel, animal feed, and paper pulping. However, low yield of sugar obtained from lignocellulosic hydrolysate is usually due to the presence of lignin that acts as a protective barrier for cellulose and thus restricts the accessibility of the enzyme to work on the cellulosic component. This review focuses on the significance of biological pretreatment specifically using ligninolytic enzymes as an alternative method apart from the conventional physical and chemical pretreatment. Different modes of biological pretreatment are discussed in this paper which is based on (i) fungal pretreatment where fungi mycelia colonise and directly attack the substrate by releasing ligninolytic enzymes and (ii) enzymatic pretreatment using ligninolytic enzymes to counter the drawbacks of fungal pretreatment. This review also discusses the important factors of biological pretreatment using ligninolytic enzymes such as nature of the lignocellulosic biomass, pH, temperature, presence of mediator, oxygen, and surfactant during the biodelignification process.
丰富的木质纤维素生物质来自于各种工业，为生产附加值产品提供了巨大的潜在原料，如生物燃料、动物饲料和造纸制浆。然而，从木质纤维素水解物中获得的糖产量低通常是由于木质素的存在，木质素作为纤维素的保护屏障，从而限制了酶对纤维素成分的作用。这篇综述主要关注生物预处理的意义，特别是使用木质素降解酶作为除传统物理和化学预处理之外的替代方法。本文讨论了不同模式的生物预处理，基于（i）真菌预处理，真菌菌丝体定殖并通过释放木质素降解酶直接攻击底物，和（ii）使用木质素降解酶的酶预处理，以克服真菌预处理的缺点。这篇综述还讨论了生物预处理中使用木质素降解酶的重要因素，如木质纤维素生物质的性质、pH 值、温度、介体的存在、氧气和表面活性剂在生物木质素降解过程中的作用。
