Hlaing Hlaing Hlaing, Liabsuetrakul Tippawan
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine-Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar;
Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
Food Nutr Res. 2016 May 4;60:28898. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.28898. eCollection 2016.
Lifestyle changes, particularly dietary intake, had resulted in increasing trends of type-2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. However, dietary intake is diverse across country contexts. This study aimed to compare the dietary intake, food patterns, and blood glucose among middle-aged adults living in urban and suburban areas in Mandalay city, Myanmar, and explore their relationships.
A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted during June-November 2014. Adults aged 35-64 were randomly selected and requested to record all food they ate in a 4-day diary. Fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose values were measured over two consecutive days. Dietary intakes were calculated in terms of energy, macronutrients, glycemic index, and glycemic load, and food patterns were identified by factor analysis. The relationships between food pattern, dietary intake, and blood glucose were assessed.
Of 440 participants, dietary intake between urban and suburban residents was significantly different. Six food patterns were identified. There was no difference in fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose between urban and suburban residents, but a strong correlation between fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose was found (correlation coefficient=0.8). Identification of abnormal blood glucose status using original fasting and converted 2-hour postprandial values showed substantial agreement (prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted Kappa=0.8). Relationships between food patterns and blood glucose or abnormal blood glucose status were not found.
Food patterns were associated with dietary intake, not with abnormal blood glucose status. Two-hour postprandial blood glucose was highly correlated with fasting blood glucose and may be used for identifying abnormal blood glucose status.
生活方式的改变，尤其是饮食摄入，已导致全球2型糖尿病的发病率呈上升趋势。然而，不同国家的饮食摄入情况各不相同。本研究旨在比较缅甸曼德勒市城乡中年成年人的饮食摄入、食物模式和血糖水平，并探讨它们之间的关系。
2014年6月至11月进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。随机选取35-64岁的成年人，要求他们在4天的日记中记录所吃的所有食物。连续两天测量空腹和餐后2小时血糖值。根据能量、宏量营养素、血糖指数和血糖负荷计算饮食摄入量，并通过因子分析确定食物模式。评估食物模式、饮食摄入和血糖之间的关系。
在440名参与者中，城乡居民的饮食摄入存在显著差异。确定了六种食物模式。城乡居民的空腹和餐后2小时血糖无差异，但空腹血糖与餐后2小时血糖之间存在很强的相关性（相关系数=0.8）。使用原始空腹值和转换后的餐后2小时值来识别血糖异常状态显示出高度一致性（患病率调整偏差调整卡帕=0.8）。未发现食物模式与血糖或血糖异常状态之间的关系。
食物模式与饮食摄入有关，与血糖异常状态无关。餐后2小时血糖与空腹血糖高度相关，可用于识别血糖异常状态。
