Lundström Olof, Manjer Jonas, Ohlsson Bodil
a Department of Internal Medicine , Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Malmö , Sweden ;
b Department of Plastic Surgery , Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Malmö , Sweden.
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016 Aug;51(8):914-22. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1174878. Epub 2016 May 10.
The etiology behind functional gastrointestinal symptoms is not clear. Only a few studies have examined how lifestyle factors affect these symptoms, especially in middle-aged or elder subjects. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a Swedish population-based cohort of middle-aged to elder subjects, and to examine associations between symptoms and smoking and alcohol use.
This study was conducted on a web-based baseline questionnaire from a part of the EpiHealth study. The cohort included 16,840 subjects between 45 and 75 years of age. Subjects with organic gastrointestinal diseases were excluded. Gastrointestinal symptoms were defined as functional abdominal pain, functional bloating, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea. Parameters regarding age, gender, educational level, occupation, civil status, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) were described, and association between smoking and alcohol habits were calculated, adjusted for parameters with >5 percentage difference between cases and controls.
An association was found between former and current smoking and functional abdominal pain (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03-1.28 vs. OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.57). Former smoking was associated with functional bloating (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.33) and functional constipation (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.56). There was a trend of decreased functional abdominal pain, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea in subjects with a moderate alcohol intake.
Smoking is associated with functional abdominal pain, functional bloating, and functional constipation. A moderate alcohol intake tends to be associated with decreased risk of functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
功能性胃肠道症状背后的病因尚不清楚。仅有少数研究探讨了生活方式因素如何影响这些症状，尤其是在中年或老年受试者中。本研究的目的是描述瑞典一个基于人群的中年至老年队列中功能性胃肠道症状的患病率，并研究症状与吸烟及饮酒之间的关联。
本研究基于EpiHealth研究一部分的网络基线调查问卷进行。该队列包括16840名年龄在45至75岁之间的受试者。排除患有器质性胃肠道疾病的受试者。胃肠道症状定义为功能性腹痛、功能性腹胀、功能性便秘和功能性腹泻。描述了有关年龄、性别、教育水平、职业、婚姻状况、身体活动和体重指数（BMI）的参数，并计算了吸烟和饮酒习惯之间的关联，针对病例与对照之间差异>5%的参数进行了调整。
发现既往吸烟和当前吸烟与功能性腹痛之间存在关联（比值比：1.15，95%置信区间：1.03 - 1.28，与比值比：1.30，95%置信区间：1.08 - 1.57）。既往吸烟与功能性腹胀（比值比：1.18，95%置信区间：1.04 - 1.33）和功能性便秘（比值比：1.28，95%置信区间：1.06 - 1.56）相关。中度饮酒的受试者中，功能性腹痛、功能性便秘和功能性腹泻有减少的趋势。
吸烟与功能性腹痛、功能性腹胀和功能性便秘相关。适度饮酒往往与功能性胃肠道症状风险降低相关。
