Attigala Lakshmi, Wysocki William P, Duvall Melvin R, Clark Lynn G
Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1020, United States.
Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2861, United States.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2016 Aug;101:111-121. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.008. Epub 2016 May 7.
We explored phylogenetic relationships among the twelve lineages of the temperate woody bamboo clade (tribe Arundinarieae) based on plastid genome (plastome) sequence data. A representative sample of 28 taxa was used and maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted to estimate the Arundinarieae phylogeny. All the previously recognized clades of Arundinarieae were supported, with Ampelocalamus calcareus (Clade XI) as sister to the rest of the temperate woody bamboos. Well supported sister relationships between Bergbambos tessellata (Clade I) and Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Clade VII) and between Kuruna (Clade XII) and Chimonocalmus (Clade III) were revealed by the current study. The plastome topology was tested by taxon removal experiments and alternative hypothesis testing and the results supported the current plastome phylogeny as robust. Neighbor-net analyses showed few phylogenetic signal conflicts, but suggested some potentially complex relationships among these taxa. Analyses of morphological character evolution of rhizomes and reproductive structures revealed that pachymorph rhizomes were most likely the ancestral state in Arundinarieae. In contrast leptomorph rhizomes either evolved once with reversions to the pachymorph condition or multiple times in Arundinarieae. Further, pseudospikelets evolved independently at least twice in the Arundinarieae, but the ancestral state is ambiguous.
我们基于质体基因组（质体基因组）序列数据，探索了温带木本竹类分支（青篱竹族）的12个谱系之间的系统发育关系。使用了28个分类单元的代表性样本，并进行了最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯推断分析，以估计青篱竹族的系统发育。青篱竹族所有先前认可的分支都得到了支持，其中钙质悬竹（分支XI）是其余温带木本竹类的姐妹分支。本研究揭示了方格竹（分支I）与长鞘竹（分支VII）之间以及库鲁纳竹（分支XII）与寒竹（分支III）之间得到充分支持的姐妹关系。通过分类单元去除实验和替代假设检验对方格基因组拓扑结构进行了测试，结果支持当前的方格基因组系统发育是可靠的。邻接网分析显示几乎没有系统发育信号冲突，但表明这些分类单元之间存在一些潜在的复杂关系。对根状茎和生殖结构的形态特征进化分析表明，厚壁根状茎很可能是青篱竹族的祖先状态。相比之下，细型根状茎在青篱竹族中要么进化一次并逆转回厚壁状态，要么进化多次。此外，假小穗在青篱竹族中至少独立进化了两次，但其祖先状态尚不清楚。
