Stark Damien, Barratt Joel, Chan Douglas, Ellis John T
Division of Microbiology, Sydpath, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
School of Life Sciences and the I3 Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016 Jul;29(3):553-80. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00076-15.
Dientamoeba fragilis is a protozoan parasite of the human bowel, commonly reported throughout the world in association with gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its initial discovery over 100 years ago, arguably, we know less about this peculiar organism than any other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic protozoan that infects humans. The details of its life cycle and mode of transmission are not completely known, and its potential as a human pathogen is debated within the scientific community. Recently, several major advances have been made with respect to this organism's life cycle and molecular biology. While many questions remain unanswered, these and other recent advances have given rise to some intriguing new leads, which will pave the way for future research. This review encompasses a large body of knowledge generated on various aspects of D. fragilis over the last century, together with an update on the most recent developments. This includes an update on the latest diagnostic techniques and treatments, the clinical aspects of dientamoebiasis, the development of an animal model, the description of a D. fragilis cyst stage, and the sequencing of the first D. fragilis transcriptome.
脆弱双核阿米巴是一种寄生于人体肠道的原生动物寄生虫，在全球范围内，它常与胃肠道症状相关联并被报道。尽管它在100多年前就被首次发现，但可以说，与其他任何感染人类的致病或潜在致病原生动物相比，我们对这种奇特生物的了解更少。其生命周期和传播方式的细节尚不完全清楚，科学界对其作为人类病原体的潜力也存在争议。最近，在这种生物的生命周期和分子生物学方面取得了几项重大进展。虽然许多问题仍未得到解答，但这些以及其他最近的进展产生了一些有趣的新线索，将为未来的研究铺平道路。这篇综述涵盖了上个世纪在脆弱双核阿米巴各个方面产生的大量知识，以及对最新进展的更新。这包括最新诊断技术和治疗方法的更新、双核阿米巴病的临床方面、动物模型的开发、脆弱双核阿米巴包囊阶段的描述以及首个脆弱双核阿米巴转录组的测序。
