Hoskin Annette K, Philip Swetha S, Yardley Anne-Marie E, Mackey David A
From the *Lions Eye Institute, Perth; †Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley; and ‡Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2016 May;5(3):202-11. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000193.
Each year an estimated 3.3 to 5.7 million pediatric eye injuries occur worldwide. It is widely reported that 90% of ocular injuries are preventable. Our aim was to identify legislation and policies, education, and mandatory eye protection strategies that have successfully contributed to reducing rates of children's eye injuries. A literature search was conducted using the terms "pediatric" or "children" or "adolescent" and "ocular" or "eye" and "protection" or "injury prevention." Articles were retrieved based on titles and abstracts and assessed in the context of our research question. Strategies identified aimed at reducing ocular trauma fell into 3 broad categories: legislation and policies, education, and personal eye protection. Policies including restrictions on the sale and supply of certain consumer products, mandatory vehicle seatbelts, and laminated windscreens in vehicles have assisted in reducing children's eye injuries. Educational tools aimed at children and their caregivers have been effective in changing attitudes to eye health and safety. Effective pediatric eye injury prevention systems require a multifactorial approach combining legislation, policies, standards, education, and personal eye protection to limit exposure to ocular hazards. A paucity of standardized measurement and lack of funding have limited advances in the field of children's eye injury prevention. Improved eye injury surveillance and research funding along with collaboration with health care providers are important components for strategies to prevent pediatric ocular trauma.
据估计，全球每年有330万至570万例儿童眼部受伤事件发生。广泛报道称，90%的眼外伤是可预防的。我们的目标是确定那些成功有助于降低儿童眼外伤发生率的立法与政策、教育以及强制性眼部保护策略。使用“儿科的”或“儿童”或“青少年”以及“眼部的”或“眼睛”和“保护”或“伤害预防”等术语进行了文献检索。文章根据标题和摘要进行检索，并在我们的研究问题背景下进行评估。确定的旨在减少眼外伤的策略分为三大类：立法与政策、教育和个人眼部保护。包括对某些消费品销售和供应的限制、强制性车辆安全带以及车辆夹层挡风玻璃等政策，有助于减少儿童眼部受伤。针对儿童及其照料者的教育工具在改变对眼部健康和安全的态度方面已见成效。有效的儿童眼外伤预防系统需要一种多因素方法，将立法、政策、标准、教育和个人眼部保护结合起来，以限制眼部受到伤害的风险暴露。标准化测量的匮乏和资金的短缺限制了儿童眼外伤预防领域的进展。改进眼外伤监测和研究资金，以及与医疗保健提供者的合作，是预防儿童眼外伤策略的重要组成部分。
