Ko Li-Wei, Shih Yi-Cheng, Chikara Rupesh Kumar, Chuang Ya-Ting, Chang Erik C
Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan.
Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 May 2;10:185. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00185. eCollection 2016.
The stop-signal paradigm has been widely adopted as a way to parametrically quantify the response inhibition process. To evaluate inhibitory function in realistic environmental settings, the current study compared stop-signal responses in two different scenarios: one uses simple visual symbols as go and stop signals, and the other translates the typical design into a battlefield scenario (BFS) where a sniper-scope view was the background, a terrorist image was the go signal, a hostage image was the stop signal, and the task instructions were to shoot at terrorists only when hostages were not present but to refrain from shooting if hostages appeared. The BFS created a threatening environment and allowed the evaluation of how participants' inhibitory control manifest in this realistic stop-signal task. In order to investigate the participants' brain activities with both high spatial and temporal resolution, simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were acquired. The results demonstrated that both scenarios induced increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and presupplementary motor area (preSMA), which have been linked to response inhibition. Notably, in right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) we found both higher blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation and synchronization of theta-alpha activities (4-12 Hz) in the BFS than in the traditional scenario after the stop signal. The higher activation of rTPJ in the BFS may be related to morality judgments or attentional reorienting. These results provided new insights into the complex brain networks involved in inhibitory control within naturalistic environments.
停止信号范式已被广泛采用，作为一种对反应抑制过程进行参数化量化的方法。为了评估现实环境中的抑制功能，本研究比较了两种不同场景下的停止信号反应：一种使用简单视觉符号作为启动和停止信号，另一种将典型设计转化为战场场景（BFS），其中以狙击镜视野为背景，恐怖分子图像为启动信号，人质图像为停止信号，任务指令是仅在没有人质时向恐怖分子开枪，而如果人质出现则 refrain from shooting（此处refrain from shooting未翻译，因为原文中没有给出对应的中文释义，可能是“克制射击”之类的意思，需根据上下文确定准确含义）。BFS创造了一个具有威胁性的环境，并允许评估参与者的抑制控制在这个现实的停止信号任务中是如何表现的。为了以高空间和时间分辨率研究参与者的大脑活动，同时采集了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和脑电图（EEG）记录。结果表明，两种场景均诱导右侧额下回（rIFG）和补充运动前区（preSMA）的活动增加，这两个区域与反应抑制有关。值得注意的是，在右侧颞顶联合区（rTPJ），我们发现与传统场景相比，在停止信号出现后，BFS中的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）激活更高，且theta-alpha活动（4 - 12赫兹）的同步性更强。BFS中rTPJ的更高激活可能与道德判断或注意力重新定向有关。这些结果为自然环境中涉及抑制控制的复杂脑网络提供了新的见解。
