Weissferdt Annikka, Moran Cesar A
Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Virchows Arch. 2016 Sep;469(3):245-54. doi: 10.1007/s00428-016-1967-0. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
Thymomas are rare tumors that usually manifest in the anterosuperior mediastinum. Occasionally, thymomas may also originate from ectopically dispersed thymic tissue and can arise in locations such as the neck, lung, or pleura or other locations in the thoracic cavity. The occurrence of thymomas in these ectopic locations can cause substantial diagnostic difficulty as the entity is almost never included in the differential diagnosis and its biphasic morphology can cause further complications during the diagnostic process. In this review, we summarize the clinical and pathological spectrum of ectopic thymomas and discuss the histogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of these extraordinary tumors.
胸腺瘤是罕见肿瘤，通常出现在前上纵隔。偶尔，胸腺瘤也可能起源于异位散在的胸腺组织，可发生于颈部、肺部、胸膜或胸腔其他部位等。这些异位部位出现胸腺瘤会造成很大的诊断困难，因为该实体几乎从未被纳入鉴别诊断，且其双相形态在诊断过程中会引发更多并发症。在本综述中，我们总结了异位胸腺瘤的临床和病理谱，并讨论了这些特殊肿瘤的组织发生、治疗及预后。
