Colantonio A
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Yale J Biol Med. 1989 Jan-Feb;62(1):13-22.
Employee assistance programs have grown at a dramatic rate, yet the effectiveness of these programs has been called into question. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of employee assistance programs (EAPs) by reviewing recently published EAP evaluations. All studies evaluating EAPs published since 1975 from peer-reviewed journals in the English language were included in this analysis. Each of the articles was assessed in the following areas: (a) program description (subjects, setting, type of intervention, format), (b) evaluation design (research design, variables measured, operational methods), and (c) program outcomes. Results indicate numerous methodological and conceptual weaknesses and issues. These weaknesses included lack of controlled research designs and short time lags between pre- and post-test measures. Other problems identified are missing information regarding subjects, type of intervention, how variables are measured (operational methods), and reliability and validity of evaluation instruments. Due to the aforementioned weaknesses, positive outcomes could not be supported. Recommendations are made for future EAP evaluations.
员工援助计划发展迅猛，但其有效性却受到了质疑。本文旨在通过回顾近期发表的员工援助计划评估来评估这些计划的有效性。本次分析纳入了自1975年以来在英文同行评审期刊上发表的所有评估员工援助计划的研究。每篇文章都在以下几个方面进行了评估：（a）计划描述（对象、背景、干预类型、形式），（b）评估设计（研究设计、测量变量、操作方法），以及（c）计划结果。结果表明存在许多方法学和概念上的弱点及问题。这些弱点包括缺乏对照研究设计以及前后测措施之间的时间间隔较短。其他发现的问题包括关于对象、干预类型、变量测量方式（操作方法）以及评估工具的信度和效度的信息缺失。由于上述弱点，无法支持积极的结果。针对未来的员工援助计划评估提出了建议。
