比较传单和电影在荷兰预防蜱虫叮咬及莱姆病方面的效果。
Comparing the effect of a leaflet and a movie in preventing tick bites and Lyme disease in The Netherlands.
作者信息
Beaujean Desirée Jacqueline Mathieu Angélique, Crutzen Rik, Gassner Fedor, Ameling Caroline, Wong Albert, van Steenbergen James Everard, Ruwaard Dirk
机构信息
Centre for Infectiou Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Jun 10;16:495. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3146-2.
BACKGROUND
Lyme disease (LD) has become the most common vector borne illness in the Northern hemisphere. Prevention relies predominantly on fostering protective behaviors (e.g., avoiding tick areas, using protective clothing and repellent, and doing routine tick checks post-exposure). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness (in terms of knowledge, perceived severity and susceptibility, self-efficacy, response efficacy, intention, and behavior over time) and appreciation of a leaflet and a movie as tools for informing the public in the Netherlands about ticks and LD protective behaviors.
METHODS
Participants (1,677 at t1 and 361 extra at t2) were members of a representative Internet panel (adults aged 18 years and above). A four group randomized controlled design was used to test the effect of an information leaflet and a movie (two intervention groups), compared to a control group and a follow-up only control group. Data were collected over two periods: July 15-29, 2013 (t1) and at follow-up 4 weeks later, August 16-31, 2013 (t2).
RESULTS
Post-intervention results show all respondents in all groups possess good general basic knowledge of ticks and LD. Respondents in both the leaflet and movie groups knew more than respondents in the control group, and had greater awareness of best practices after a tick bite. Intention to perform protective behavior in future was stronger among respondents in the intervention groups. While respondents generally appreciated both the movie and the leaflet, they found the movie ran too long. Follow-up revealed no lasting positive effects from either the leaflet or the movie.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that both the movie and the leaflet are valued and effective intervention tools for improving knowledge about tick bites and strengthening self-efficacy and intentions to perform protective behavior against ticks and LD . Achieving lasting effects, however, calls for more action.
背景
莱姆病（LD）已成为北半球最常见的媒介传播疾病。预防主要依赖于培养保护行为（例如，避免前往蜱虫出没地区、使用防护服和驱虫剂，以及在接触后进行常规蜱虫检查）。本研究的目的是评估一份传单和一部电影作为向荷兰公众宣传蜱虫及莱姆病保护行为的工具的有效性（从知识、感知严重性和易感性、自我效能感、反应效能、意图以及随时间变化的行为方面）和受欢迎程度。
方法
参与者（t1阶段有1677人，t2阶段额外增加361人）是一个具有代表性的互联网小组（18岁及以上成年人）的成员。采用四组随机对照设计来测试一份信息传单和一部电影（两个干预组）的效果，与一个对照组和一个仅进行随访的对照组进行比较。在两个时间段收集数据：2013年7月15日至29日（t1）以及4周后的随访期，2013年8月16日至31日（t2）。
结果
干预后的结果显示，所有组的所有受访者对蜱虫和莱姆病都具备良好的一般基础知识。传单组和电影组的受访者比对照组的受访者知道得更多，并且在被蜱虫叮咬后对最佳做法的认识更强。干预组的受访者未来实施保护行为的意图更强。虽然受访者普遍欣赏电影和传单，但他们发现电影时长太长。随访显示，传单或电影都没有产生持久的积极影响。
结论
我们的结果表明，电影和传单都是有价值且有效的干预工具，可用于提高对蜱虫叮咬的认识，并增强针对蜱虫和莱姆病实施保护行为的自我效能感和意图。然而，要实现持久效果，还需要采取更多行动。
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