Gloger-Tippelt Gabriele, Kappler Gregor
a Faculty of Philosophy , University of Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany.
b Department of Developmental Psychology , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
Attach Hum Dev. 2016 Dec;18(6):570-595. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2016.1194440. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
Attachment in middle childhood increasingly attracts the interest of developmental psychologists and clinicians. Recent studies using attachment narratives elicited by story stems reported gender-specific aspects of attachment development, potentially evoked by developmental tasks during this period of the life span. There is evidence that children with risk factors present more insecure and disorganized attachment narratives compared to children without risk. Yet, there is little research concerning the joint effects of gender, risk, and age for attachment classifications. The paper presents a pooled analysis of 22 samples (eight risk samples) including 887 children (411 girls), aged between 4.5 and 8.5 years who were assessed with the same "German Attachment Story Completion Procedure" (GASCP). Girls were 1.8 times more likely to present secure and 0.4 times less likely to present disorganized narratives compared to boys when controlling for risk status and age. Children from risk samples were more likely (odd ratio 5.4) to display disorganized and less likely to show a secure attachment (odd ratio 0.3) compared to those from no-risk samples in multilevel logistic regressions. Remarkably, the effect of risk was not moderated by age and gender, and gender effects were not moderated by age.
童年中期的依恋越来越吸引发展心理学家和临床医生的关注。最近使用故事线索引发的依恋叙事进行的研究报告了依恋发展中特定性别的方面，这可能是由生命这一时期的发展任务所引发的。有证据表明，与没有风险因素的儿童相比，有风险因素的儿童呈现出更多不安全和混乱的依恋叙事。然而，关于性别、风险和年龄对依恋分类的联合影响的研究很少。本文对22个样本（8个风险样本）进行了汇总分析，这些样本包括887名年龄在4.5至8.5岁之间的儿童（411名女孩），他们都采用相同的“德国依恋故事完成程序”（GASCP）进行了评估。在控制风险状况和年龄的情况下，与男孩相比，女孩呈现安全依恋叙事的可能性高1.8倍，呈现混乱依恋叙事的可能性低0.4倍。在多水平逻辑回归分析中，与无风险样本的儿童相比，来自风险样本的儿童更有可能（比值比为5.4）表现出混乱依恋，而表现出安全依恋的可能性更小（比值比为0.3）。值得注意的是，风险的影响不受年龄和性别的调节，性别影响也不受年龄的调节。
