Anyan Frederick, Hjemdal Odin
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
J Affect Disord. 2016 Oct;203:213-220. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.031. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
Some adolescents exhibit resilience even in the face of high levels of stress exposure. Despite this relationship, studies that investigate explanations for how resilience interacts with risk to produce particular outcomes and why this is so are lacking. The effect of resilience across the relationship between stress and symptoms of anxiety and stress and symptoms of depression was tested to provide explanations for how resilience interacts with stress and symptoms of anxiety, and depression.
In a cross-sectional survey, 533 Ghanaian adolescents aged 13-17 years (M=15.25, SD=1.52), comprising 290 girls and 237 boys completed the Resilience Scale for Adolescents, Adolescent Stress Questionnaire, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and Short Mood Feeling Questionnaire. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted.
The results indicated that resilience partially mediated the relationship between stress, and symptoms of anxiety, and depression. Effects of stress were negatively associated with resilience, and positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. In a differential moderator effect, resilience moderated the relationship between stress and symptoms of depression but not stress and symptoms of anxiety.
Although the findings in this study are novel, they do not answer questions about protective mechanisms or processes.
Evidence that resilience did not have the same effect across stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression may support resilience as a dynamic process model. Access to different levels of resilience shows that enhancing resilience while minimizing stress may improve psychiatric health in adolescents' general population.
一些青少年即使面临高度的压力暴露也能表现出恢复力。尽管存在这种关系，但缺乏对恢复力如何与风险相互作用以产生特定结果以及为何如此的解释进行调查的研究。测试了恢复力在压力与焦虑症状以及压力与抑郁症状之间关系中的作用，以解释恢复力如何与压力以及焦虑和抑郁症状相互作用。
在一项横断面调查中，533名年龄在13至17岁（M = 15.25，SD = 1.52）的加纳青少年，包括290名女孩和237名男孩，完成了青少年恢复力量表、青少年压力问卷、斯皮尔伯格状态焦虑量表和简短情绪感受问卷。进行了中介和调节分析。
结果表明，恢复力部分中介了压力与焦虑症状以及抑郁症状之间的关系。压力的影响与恢复力呈负相关，与焦虑和抑郁症状呈正相关。在差异调节效应中，恢复力调节了压力与抑郁症状之间的关系，但未调节压力与焦虑症状之间的关系。
尽管本研究的结果很新颖，但它们没有回答关于保护机制或过程的问题。
恢复力在压力以及焦虑和抑郁症状方面没有相同效果的证据可能支持将恢复力作为一种动态过程模型。获得不同水平的恢复力表明，在将压力降至最低的同时增强恢复力可能会改善青少年总体人群的心理健康。
