Cho Sung Jin, Lee Jihoo, Lee Hyun Jae, Jo Hyun-Young, Sinniah Mangalam, Kim Hak-Yong, Chong Chom-Kyu, Song Hyun-Ok
1. Department of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
Int J Biol Sci. 2016 May 25;12(7):824-35. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.14408. eCollection 2016.
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can detect anti-malaria antibodies in human blood. As they can detect parasite infection at the low parasite density, they are useful in endemic areas where light infection and/or re-infection of parasites are common. Thus, malaria antibody tests can be used for screening bloods in blood banks to prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), an emerging problem in malaria endemic areas. However, only a few malaria antibody tests are available in the microwell-based assay format and these are not suitable for field application. A novel malaria antibody (Ab)-based RDT using a differential diagnostic marker for falciparum and vivax malaria was developed as a suitable high-throughput assay that is sensitive and practical for blood screening. The marker, merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) was discovered by generation of a Plasmodium-specific network and the hierarchical organization of modularity in the network. Clinical evaluation revealed that the novel Malaria Pf/Pv Ab RDT shows improved sensitivity (98%) and specificity (99.7%) compared with the performance of a commercial kit, SD BioLine Malaria P.f/P.v (95.1% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity). The novel Malaria Pf/Pv Ab RDT has potential for use as a cost-effective blood-screening tool for malaria and in turn, reduces TTM risk in endemic areas.
快速诊断检测（RDTs）能够检测人血液中的抗疟疾抗体。由于它们能够在低寄生虫密度时检测到寄生虫感染，因此在寄生虫轻度感染和/或再次感染较为常见的流行地区很有用。因此，疟疾抗体检测可用于血库血液筛查，以预防输血传播疟疾（TTM），这是疟疾流行地区一个新出现的问题。然而，基于微孔板检测形式的疟疾抗体检测只有少数几种，且这些检测不适合现场应用。一种基于新型疟疾抗体（Ab）的RDT被开发出来，它使用恶性疟和间日疟的鉴别诊断标志物，作为一种适用于血液筛查的灵敏且实用的高通量检测方法。该标志物，即裂殖子表面蛋白1（MSP1），是通过构建疟原虫特异性网络以及该网络中模块性的层次组织而发现的。临床评估显示，与商用试剂盒SD BioLine Malaria P.f/P.v（灵敏度95.1%，特异性99.1%）相比，新型疟疾Pf/Pv Ab RDT的灵敏度（98%）和特异性（99.7%）有所提高。新型疟疾Pf/Pv Ab RDT有潜力作为一种经济高效的疟疾血液筛查工具，进而降低流行地区的TTM风险。
