Egea Teresa, Signorini Maria Adele, Ongaro Luca, Rivera Diego, Obón de Castro Concepción, Bruschi Piero
Dipartimento Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2016 Jun 22;12(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13002-016-0099-6.
Traditional alcoholic beverages (TABs) have only received marginal attention from researchers and ethnobotanists so far, especially in Italy. This work is focused on plant-based TABs in the Alta Valle del Reno, a mountainous area on the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions. The aims of our study were to document local knowledge about TABs and to analyze and discuss the distribution of related knowledge within the investigated communities.
Field data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The relative importance of each plant species used to prepare TABs was assessed by calculating a general Use Value Index (UV general), a current UV (UV current) and a past UV (UV past). We also assessed personal experience of use by calculating effective and potential UV (UV effective, UV potential). A multivariate analysis was performed to compare ingredients in recipes recorded in the Alta Valle del Reno with those reported for neighboring areas.
Forty-six plant species, belonging to 20 families, were recorded. Rosaceae was the most significant family (98 citations, 19 species), followed by Rutaceae (15, 3) and Lamiaceae (12, 4). The most important species was Prunus cerasus L. (UV general = 0.44), followed by Juglans regia L. (0.38), Rubus idaeus L. (0.27) and Prunus spinosa L. (0.22). Species with the highest UV current were Juglans regia (0.254), Prunus cerasus (0.238) and Citrus limon L. (0.159). The highest UV effective values were obtained by Prunus cerasus (0.413), Juglans regia (0.254), Rubus idaeus (0.222) and Citrus limon (0.206). We also discuss the results of the multivariate analysis.
TABs proved to occupy an important place in the traditional culture and social life of the studied communities. Moreover, data highlight the local specificity and richness of this kind of tradition in the Alta Valle del Reno, compared to other Italian areas. Some plant ingredients used for TABs have potential nutraceutical and even therapeutic properties that are well known by local people. These properties could constitute an additional economic value for TABs' commercialization, which in turn could promote the local rural economy.
到目前为止，传统酒精饮料（TABs）仅受到研究人员和民族植物学家的少量关注，尤其是在意大利。这项工作聚焦于位于托斯卡纳和艾米利亚 - 罗马涅地区交界处山区的雷诺上游谷地的植物基TABs。我们研究的目的是记录关于TABs的当地知识，并分析和讨论相关知识在被调查社区内的分布情况。
通过半结构化访谈收集实地数据。用于制备TABs的每种植物物种的相对重要性通过计算一般使用价值指数（UV一般）、当前使用价值（UV当前）和过去使用价值（UV过去）来评估。我们还通过计算有效和潜在使用价值（UV有效、UV潜在）来评估个人使用经验。进行了多变量分析，以比较雷诺上游谷地记录的食谱中的成分与邻近地区报告的成分。
记录了属于20个科的46种植物。蔷薇科是最重要的科（98次引用，19种），其次是芸香科（15次引用，3种）和唇形科（12次引用，4种）。最重要的物种是欧洲酸樱桃（UV一般 = 0.44），其次是胡桃（0.38）、覆盆子（0.27）和黑刺李（0.22）。UV当前值最高的物种是胡桃（0.254）、欧洲酸樱桃（0.238）和柠檬（0.159）。欧洲酸樱桃（0.413）、胡桃（0.254）、覆盆子（0.222）和柠檬（0.206）获得了最高的UV有效值。我们还讨论了多变量分析的结果。
事实证明，TABs在被研究社区的传统文化和社会生活中占据重要地位。此外，数据凸显了与意大利其他地区相比，雷诺上游谷地这种传统的地方特殊性和丰富性。一些用于TABs的植物成分具有潜在的营养保健甚至治疗特性，当地居民对此熟知。这些特性可能构成TABs商业化的额外经济价值，进而促进当地农村经济发展。
