Wiesinger Hans-Peter, Rieder Florian, Kösters Alexander, Müller Erich, Seynnes Olivier R
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 30;11(6):e0158441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158441. eCollection 2016.
The present study aimed to determine whether distinct sets of tendon properties are seen in athletes engaged in sports with contrasting requirements for tendon function and structural integrity. Patellar and Achilles tendon morphology and force-deformation relation were measured by combining ultrasonography, electromyography and dynamometry in elite ski jumpers, distance runners, water polo players and sedentary individuals. Tendon cross-sectional area normalized to body mass2/3 was smaller in water polo players than in other athletes (patellar and Achilles tendon; -28 to -24%) or controls (patellar tendon only; -9%). In contrast, the normalized cross-sectional area was larger in runners (patellar tendon only; +26%) and ski jumpers (patellar and Achilles tendon; +21% and +13%, respectively) than in controls. Tendon stiffness normalized to body mass2/3 only differed in ski jumpers, compared to controls (patellar and Achilles tendon; +11% and +27%, respectively) and to water polo players (Achilles tendon only; +23%). Tendon size appears as an adjusting variable to changes in loading volume and/or intensity, possibly to preserve ultimate strength or fatigue resistance. However, uncoupled morphological and mechanical properties indicate that functional requirements may also influence tendon adaptations.
本研究旨在确定在对肌腱功能和结构完整性有不同要求的运动项目的运动员中，是否能观察到不同的肌腱特性。通过结合超声检查、肌电图和测力法，对优秀跳台滑雪运动员、长跑运动员、水球运动员和久坐不动的个体的髌腱和跟腱形态以及力-变形关系进行了测量。水球运动员的肌腱横截面积相对于体重2/3进行归一化处理后，比其他运动员（髌腱和跟腱；-28%至-24%）或对照组（仅髌腱；-9%）更小。相比之下，跑步运动员（仅髌腱；+26%）和跳台滑雪运动员（髌腱和跟腱；分别为+21%和+13%）的归一化横截面积比对照组更大。相对于体重2/3进行归一化处理后的肌腱刚度，仅在跳台滑雪运动员中与对照组（髌腱和跟腱；分别为+11%和+27%）以及水球运动员（仅跟腱；+23%）存在差异。肌腱大小似乎是对负荷量和/或强度变化的一种调节变量，可能是为了保持极限强度或抗疲劳能力。然而，形态学和力学特性的解耦表明，功能需求也可能影响肌腱的适应性变化。
