Gómez-Urquiza Jose L, Monsalve-Reyes Carolina S, San Luis-Costas Concepción, Fernández-Castillo Rafael, Aguayo-Estremera Raimundo, Cañadas-de la Fuente Guillermo A
Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario de Ceuta, Universidad de Granada, Ceuta, España.
Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Aten Primaria. 2017 Feb;49(2):77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2016.05.004. Epub 2016 Jun 27.
To determine the risk factors and levels of burnout in Primary Care nurses.
A systematic review was performed.
CINAHL, CUIDEN, LILACS, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases were consulted. Search equations were 'burnout AND community health nursing' and 'burnout AND primary care nursing'. The search was performed in October 2015.
The final sample was n=12 studies. Quantitative primary studies that used Maslach Burnout Inventory for burnout assessment in Primary Care nurses were included without restriction by publication date.
The main variables were the mean and standard deviation of the three burnout dimensions, high, medium and low prevalence rates of each dimension, and socio-demographic, occupational and psychological variables that potentially influence burnout level.
Studies show high prevalence rates, generally between 23% and 31%, of emotional exhaustion. The prevalence rates of high depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment show heterogeneity, varying between 8%-32% and 4%-92% of the sample, respectively. Studies show that older nurses with more seniority, anxiety and depression, among other variables, have higher burnout levels, while nurses with higher salary, high job satisfaction, organisational support, and good self-concept have less burnout.
High emotional exhaustion is the main affected dimension of burnout in Primary Care nursing. There is heterogeneity in depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Burnout must be prevented in these professionals, by increasing protective factors and monitoring its appearance in those with risk factors.
确定基层医疗护士职业倦怠的风险因素及程度。
进行了一项系统评价。
查阅了CINAHL、CUIDEN、LILACS、PubMed、ProQuest、ScienceDirect和Scopus数据库。检索式为“职业倦怠与社区健康护理”以及“职业倦怠与基层医疗护理”。检索于2015年10月进行。
最终样本为12项研究。纳入了使用马氏职业倦怠量表对基层医疗护士职业倦怠进行评估的定量原发性研究，不受发表日期限制。
主要变量为职业倦怠三个维度的均值和标准差、各维度的高、中、低患病率，以及可能影响职业倦怠程度的社会人口学、职业和心理变量。
研究显示，情感耗竭的患病率普遍较高，一般在23%至31%之间。去人格化程度高和个人成就感低的患病率存在异质性，样本中分别在8% - 32%和4% - 92%之间变化。研究表明，资历较老、存在焦虑和抑郁等情况的护士职业倦怠程度较高，而薪资较高、工作满意度高、有组织支持且自我概念良好的护士职业倦怠程度较低。
情感耗竭程度高是基层医疗护理中职业倦怠的主要受影响维度。去人格化和个人成就感方面存在异质性。必须通过增加保护因素并监测有风险因素者职业倦怠的出现情况，来预防这些专业人员出现职业倦怠。
