Eshwarappa Ravi Shankara Birur, Ramachandra Y L, Subaramaihha Sundara Rajan, Subbaiah Sujan Ganapathy Pasura, Austin Richard Surendranath, Dhananjaya Bhadrapura Lakkappa
Department of Chemistry, School of Graduate Studies, Jain University, Chamrajpete, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Research Unit in Vrukshayurveda, A Division of Centre for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Chamrajpete, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Pharmacognosy Res. 2016 Jul-Sep;8(3):199-201. doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.182914.
The galls of Terminala chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae) are used for the treatment of various diseases in folk medicine and has been found to posses anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-helmintic, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-aging activities. Considering the ethano-botanical and diverse pharmacological applications of galls of T. chebula, in this study, we investigate the possible toxic effects of different gall extracts of T. chebula by Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity assay. The cytotoxicity test of leaf gall extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) of T. chebula was evaluated by Brine shrimp (A. salina) toxicity assay, which is based on the ability to kill laboratory cultured Artemia nauplii (animals eggs) and also total content of polyphenols, flavonoids with other qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract were determined. It was observed that the petroleum ether extract was virtually nontoxic on the shrimps, and exhibited very low toxicity with LC50 value of 4356.76 μg/ml. Furthermore, the chloroform extract exhibited very low toxicity, giving LC50 value of 1462.2 μg/ml. On the other hand, the ethanol extract was very toxic to brine shrimps with LC50 value of 68.64 μg/ml. The ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content of 136 ± 1.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g d.w and 113 ± 1.6 mg of quercetin equivalent/g d.w, respectively. The higher toxicity effect was positively correlated to the high content of total polyphenols/flavonoids in the extract. This significant lethality of different extracts to brine shrimp is an indicative of the presence of potent cytotoxic components which warrants further investigation.
The present study investigates the toxicity effect of different extracts of galls of T. chebulla, which would serve as an index for formulation of drugs for treatment of various diseases. Presumably, these activities could be attributed in part to the polyphenolic features of the extract, as there was a strong correlation of higher toxic effect with that of high total phenolic and flavonoids content in the ethanolic leaf gall extracts of T. chebula.
诃子（使君子科）的虫瘿在民间医学中用于治疗各种疾病，并且已发现具有抗炎、抗菌、抗蠕虫、抗酪氨酸酶和抗衰老活性。考虑到诃子虫瘿的民族植物学和多样的药理学应用，在本研究中，我们通过卤虫（卤虫）毒性试验研究了诃子不同虫瘿提取物可能的毒性作用。通过卤虫（卤虫）毒性试验评估诃子叶虫瘿提取物（石油醚、氯仿、乙醇和水提取物）的细胞毒性试验，该试验基于杀死实验室培养的卤虫无节幼体（动物卵）的能力，并且还测定了提取物中多酚、黄酮类化合物的总含量以及其他定性植物化学分析。观察到石油醚提取物对虾几乎无毒，并且表现出非常低的毒性，LC50值为4356.76μg/ml。此外，氯仿提取物表现出非常低的毒性，LC50值为1462.2μg/ml。另一方面，乙醇提取物对卤虫毒性非常大，LC50值为68.64μg/ml。乙醇提取物的总酚和黄酮含量最高，分别为136±1.5mg没食子酸当量/g干重和113±1.6mg槲皮素当量/g干重。较高的毒性作用与提取物中总多酚/黄酮类化合物的高含量呈正相关。不同提取物对卤虫的这种显著致死性表明存在有效的细胞毒性成分，这值得进一步研究。
本研究调查了诃子虫瘿不同提取物的毒性作用，这将作为用于治疗各种疾病的药物配方的指标。据推测，这些活性可能部分归因于提取物的多酚特性，因为诃子乙醇叶虫瘿提取物中较高的毒性作用与高总酚和黄酮类化合物含量之间存在很强的相关性。
