Riaz Muhammad Nasir, Faheem Muhammad, Anwar Muhammad Ayaz, Raheel Ummar, Badshah Yasmeen, Akhtar Hashaam, Tamanna Kosar, Tahir Muhammad, Sadaf Zaidi Najam Us Sahar, Qadri Ishtiaq
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan.
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, 70790-160 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
J Pathog. 2016;2016:3219793. doi: 10.1155/2016/3219793. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
Seroprevalence of HCV indicates that HCV is found in more than 10% of HBV- or HDV-infected patients worldwide leading to liver disease. Here we show HBV and HDV coinfection association with HCV infected Pakistani patients, study of disease severity, and possible interpretation of associated risk factors in coinfected patients. A total of 730 liver diseased patients were included, out of which 501 were found positive for HCV infection via PCR. 5.1% of patients were coinfected with HBV while 1% were coinfected with HBV and HDV both. LFTs were significantly altered in dually and triply infected patients as compared to single HCV infection. Mean bilirubin, AST, and ALT levels were highest (3.25 mg/dL, 174 IU/L, and 348 IU/L) in patients with triple infection while dual infection LFTs (1.6 mg/dL, 61 IU/L, and 74 IU/L) were not high as in single infection (1.9 mg/dL, 76 IU/L, and 91 IU/L). The most prominent risk factor in case of single (22%) and dual infection (27%) group was "reuse of syringes" while in triple infection it was "intravenous drug users" (60%). It is concluded that HBV and HDV coinfections are strongly associated with HCV infected Pakistani patients and in case of severe liver disease the possibility of double and triple coinfection should be kept in consideration.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的血清流行率表明，在全球范围内，超过10%的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）或丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）感染患者体内发现了HCV，这会导致肝脏疾病。在此，我们展示了HBV和HDV合并感染与感染HCV的巴基斯坦患者的关联、疾病严重程度的研究以及对合并感染患者相关风险因素的可能解读。总共纳入了730例肝病患者，其中501例通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测出HCV感染呈阳性。5.1%的患者合并HBV感染，而1%的患者同时合并HBV和HDV感染。与单纯HCV感染相比，双重和三重感染患者的肝功能检查（LFTs）有显著改变。三重感染患者的平均胆红素、谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平最高（分别为3.25毫克/分升、174国际单位/升和348国际单位/升），而双重感染患者的LFTs水平（分别为1.6毫克/分升、61国际单位/升和74国际单位/升）不如单纯感染患者（分别为1.9毫克/分升、76国际单位/升和91国际单位/升）高。在单纯感染组（22%）和双重感染组（27%）中，最突出的风险因素是“重复使用注射器”，而在三重感染组中则是“静脉吸毒者”（60%）。研究得出结论，HBV和HDV合并感染与感染HCV的巴基斯坦患者密切相关，在严重肝病的情况下，应考虑双重和三重合并感染的可能性。
