Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Office Na-2907, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Nutr. 2017 Sep;56(6):2151-2160. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1255-4. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
Intra-uterine exposure to protein may affect body composition and may increase the prevalence of childhood adiposity. Therefore, we examined whether protein intake during pregnancy is associated with offspring body composition at the age of 6 years and whether associations differ for animal protein and vegetable protein.
We included 2694 Dutch mother-child pairs participating in a prospective population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Energy-adjusted protein was measured in pregnancy using a food-frequency questionnaire and analyzed in quartiles. At a mean age of 6.1 ± 0.4 years, we measured children's body mass index, and fat-free mass index and fat mass index using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Outcomes were standardized for age and sex. BMI was used to classify children's overweight status.
After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, a higher maternal protein intake was associated with a higher children's fat-free mass index [difference 0.14 standard deviation (95 % CI 0.03, 0.25) for highest vs. lowest quartile of protein intake], but not with children's fat mass index or body mass index. Comparable associations were found for animal protein and vegetable protein. Maternal protein intake was not associated with children's overweight.
This study suggests that higher protein intake during pregnancy is associated with a higher fat-free mass in children at the age of 6 years, but not with their fat mass. Our results do not suggest specific recommendations regarding maternal protein intake during pregnancy to prevent overweight in the offspring.
子宫内暴露于蛋白质可能会影响身体成分，并增加儿童肥胖症的患病率。因此，我们研究了孕期蛋白质摄入量是否与 6 岁儿童的后代身体成分有关，以及动物蛋白和植物蛋白的关联是否不同。
我们纳入了 2694 对荷兰母婴对子，他们参加了荷兰鹿特丹的一项前瞻性基于人群的队列研究。使用食物频率问卷测量了孕期的能量调整蛋白质，并将其分为四分位数进行分析。在平均年龄为 6.1±0.4 岁时，我们使用双能 X 射线吸收法测量了儿童的体重指数、去脂体重指数和脂肪量指数。结果按年龄和性别进行了标准化。BMI 用于分类儿童超重状态。
在调整了社会人口统计学和生活方式因素后，较高的母体蛋白质摄入量与儿童较高的去脂体重指数相关[最高与最低四分位数的蛋白质摄入量差异为 0.14 个标准差（95%置信区间为 0.03，0.25）]，但与儿童的脂肪量指数或体重指数无关。动物蛋白和植物蛋白也存在类似的关联。母体蛋白质摄入量与儿童超重无关。
本研究表明，孕期蛋白质摄入量较高与 6 岁儿童的去脂体重较高有关，但与脂肪量无关。我们的结果并不表明在孕期有特定的母体蛋白质摄入量建议来预防后代超重。
